Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1094(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1094
Peptide sequence	LLRH
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Leu-Leu-Arg-His

Single-letter amino acid

LLRH

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	537.65 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04 ^c

IC₅₀

307.5 μM

pIC₅₀

-2.488

GRAVY

-0.0250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Marine bivalve
Organism/Source	Mactra veneriformis (Mactra veneriformis)
Precursor protein	M. veneriformis hydrolysates
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0849 ---- Plant proteins ---- Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.2: DFBPPR0857 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 Source.3: DFBPPR0938 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Source.4: DFBPPR0979 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase Source.5: DFBPPR1010 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bifunctional dethiobiotin synthetase/7,8-diamino-pelargonic acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial Source.6: DFBPPR1123 ---- Plant proteins ---- Allene oxide synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.7: DFBPPR1143 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 Source.8: DFBPPR1206 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase RCN11 Source.9: DFBPPR1286 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heme oxygenase 1, chloroplastic Source.10: DFBPPR1393 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek6 Source.11: DFBPPR1419 ---- Plant proteins ---- Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1 Source.12: DFBPPR1426 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 Source.13: DFBPPR1427 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable esterase D14L Source.14: DFBPPR1447 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two-component response regulator-like PRR37 Source.15: DFBPPR1451 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Source.16: DFBPPR1504 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 50 Source.17: DFBPPR1541 ---- Plant proteins ---- FT-interacting protein 1 Source.18: DFBPPR1568 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphate transporter PHO1-2 Source.19: DFBPPR1625 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Source.20: DFBPPR1636 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 Source.21: DFBPPR1678 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 Source.22: DFBPPR1683 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable acetolactate synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.23: DFBPPR1773 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquinol oxidase 1c, mitochondrial Source.24: DFBPPR1778 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 Source.25: DFBPPR1798 ---- Plant proteins ---- UMP-CMP kinase 2 Source.26: DFBPPR1824 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 17 Source.27: DFBPPR1861 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-25 Source.28: DFBPPR1900 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fanconi-associated nuclease 1 homolog Source.29: DFBPPR1910 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 Source.30: DFBPPR1920 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 Source.31: DFBPPR1925 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytokinin dehydrogenase 3 Source.32: DFBPPR1938 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Source.33: DFBPPR1953 ---- Plant proteins ---- CBL-interacting protein kinase 17 Source.34: DFBPPR1976 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15 Source.35: DFBPPR2023 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Source.36: DFBPPR2090 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 93G1 Source.37: DFBPPR2112 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein H1 Source.38: DFBPPR2114 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Source.39: DFBPPR2164 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sodium/calcium exchanger NCL2 Source.40: DFBPPR2207 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 16 Source.41: DFBPPR2300 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein H2 Source.42: DFBPPR2345 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquinol oxidase 1b, mitochondrial Source.43: DFBPPR2386 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucuronosyltransferase Os04g0103100 Source.44: DFBPPR2500 ---- Plant proteins ---- Arabinogalactan peptide 2 Source.45: DFBPPR2633 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 Source.46: DFBPPR3038 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha N-terminal protein methyltransferase 1 Source.47: DFBPPR3078 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor TGAL3 Source.48: DFBPPR3243 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 21 Source.49: DFBPPR3489 ---- Plant proteins ---- Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase-B Source.50: DFBPPR3558 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable protein phosphatase 2C 45 Source.51: DFBPPR4023 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat-containing protein NPR4 Source.52: DFBPPR4076 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 48 Source.53: DFBPPR4333 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative potassium channel KAT5 Source.54: DFBPPR4741 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative B3 domain-containing protein Os04g0347400 Source.55: DFBPPR4894 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 Source.56: DFBPPR4926 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase RCN11 Source.57: DFBPPR5129 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 Source.58: DFBPPR5420 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase Source.59: DFBPPR5426 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dimethylnonatriene synthase Source.60: DFBPPR5496 ---- Plant proteins ---- DIMBOA UDP-glucosyltransferase BX8 Source.61: DFBPPR5737 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutathione transferase GST 23 Source.62: DFBPPR7691 ---- Milk proteins ---- Albumin Source.63: DFBPPR16496 ---- Animal proteins ---- Somatostatin receptor type 1 Source.64: DFBPPR17269 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D Source.65: DFBPPR17347 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal Source.66: DFBPPR17461 ---- Animal proteins ---- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Source.67: DFBPPR17523 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 Source.68: DFBPPR17549 ---- Animal proteins ---- Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, mitochondrial Source.69: DFBPPR17574 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Source.70: DFBPPR17831 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT5B Source.71: DFBPPR17998 ---- Animal proteins ---- Stress-70 protein, mitochondrial Source.72: DFBPPR18088 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aprataxin Source.73: DFBPPR18217 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alkylated DNA repair protein alkB homolog 8 Source.74: DFBPPR18260 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.75: DFBPPR18413 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein Aiolos Source.76: DFBPPR18567 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynein heavy chain 12, axonemal Source.77: DFBPPR18589 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-13 Source.78: DFBPPR19119 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phospholipase D2 Source.79: DFBPPR19285 ---- Animal proteins ---- Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.80: DFBPPR19663 ---- Animal proteins ---- Synembryn-A Source.81: DFBPPR19953 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurolysin, mitochondrial Source.82: DFBPPR20329 ---- Animal proteins ---- Meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1 Source.83: DFBPPR20375 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX56 Source.84: DFBPPR20389 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 7 Source.85: DFBPPR20424 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF170 Source.86: DFBPPR20583 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mesoderm-specific transcript homolog protein Source.87: DFBPPR20808 ---- Animal proteins ---- Monocarboxylate transporter 13 Source.88: DFBPPR20954 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secretagogin Source.89: DFBPPR21002 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactomedin-like protein 2B Source.90: DFBPPR21251 ---- Animal proteins ---- B9 domain-containing protein 2 Source.91: DFBPPR21359 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein tyrosine phosphatase domain-containing protein 1 Source.92: DFBPPR21478 ---- Animal proteins ---- FTS and Hook-interacting protein Source.93: DFBPPR21533 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein 19 Source.94: DFBPPR21724 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transducin beta-like protein 3 Source.95: DFBPPR21760 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleotide exchange factor SIL1 Source.96: DFBPPR21827 ---- Animal proteins ---- LETM1 domain-containing protein 1 Source.97: DFBPPR22091 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat and MYND domain-containing protein 2 Source.98: DFBPPR22595 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 268 Source.99: DFBPPR8556 ---- Animal proteins ---- Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15 Source.100: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.101: DFBPPR8617 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurolysin, mitochondrial Source.102: DFBPPR8677 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform Source.103: DFBPPR8686 ---- Animal proteins ---- NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1 Source.104: DFBPPR8729 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5 Source.105: DFBPPR8773 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha Source.106: DFBPPR8811 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Source.107: DFBPPR8917 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1 Source.108: DFBPPR8920 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1 Source.109: DFBPPR9053 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF19A Source.110: DFBPPR9550 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 2 Source.111: DFBPPR9729 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secretagogin Source.112: DFBPPR9952 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO3 Source.113: DFBPPR10069 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha Source.114: DFBPPR10269 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activin receptor type-1 Source.115: DFBPPR10308 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 Source.116: DFBPPR10401 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heparanase Source.117: DFBPPR10505 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-binding protein Ikaros Source.118: DFBPPR10555 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fanconi anemia group M protein Source.119: DFBPPR10579 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5B Source.120: DFBPPR11001 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3 Source.121: DFBPPR11013 ---- Animal proteins ---- Band 3 anion transport protein Source.122: DFBPPR11086 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 Source.123: DFBPPR11215 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein PLAG1 Source.124: DFBPPR11428 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1 Source.125: DFBPPR11467 ---- Animal proteins ---- Synembryn-A Source.126: DFBPPR11501 ---- Animal proteins ---- TIMELESS-interacting protein Source.127: DFBPPR11780 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B Source.128: DFBPPR11817 ---- Animal proteins ---- Meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1 Source.129: DFBPPR11981 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP130 Source.130: DFBPPR12135 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vigilin Source.131: DFBPPR12147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit C Source.132: DFBPPR12163 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat and MYND domain-containing protein 2 Source.133: DFBPPR12269 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 Source.134: DFBPPR12275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 3 Source.135: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.136: DFBPPR12290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 2 Source.137: DFBPPR12354 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein Source.138: DFBPPR12633 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) Source.139: DFBPPR12808 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6 Source.140: DFBPPR12911 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurolysin, mitochondrial Source.141: DFBPPR12976 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 Source.142: DFBPPR14089 ---- Marine protein ---- Flap endonuclease 1 Source.143: DFBPPR14586 ---- Marine protein ---- DNA-binding protein Ikaros Source.144: DFBPPR14908 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Flap endonuclease 1 Source.145: DFBPPR14992 ---- Microorganism protein ---- DNA repair protein RAD5 Source.146: DFBPPR15017 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase TEL1 Source.147: DFBPPR15038 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Adenine deaminase Source.148: DFBPPR15068 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Translation factor GUF1, mitochondrial Source.149: DFBPPR15390 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Probable nucleolar complex protein 14 Source.150: DFBPPR15439 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pre-rRNA-processing protein IPI1 Source.151: DFBPPR15560 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 13 Source.152: DFBPPR15566 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Autophagy-related protein 32
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited moderate Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 307.5 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The M. veneriformis proteins were hydrolyzed by incubating with trypsin at pH 8.5 for 2 h at 40 ℃ at an enzyme to substrate ratio of 0.60% (w/w).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Liu R, Zhu Y, Chen J, Wu H, Shi L, Wang X, Wang L. Characterization of ACE inhibitory peptides from Mactra veneriformis hydrolysate by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Nano-LC-ESI-MS) and molecular docking. Mar Drugs. 2014 Jun 30;12(7):3917-28. PMID: 24983637 DOI: 10.3390/md12073917
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2014