Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1481(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1481
Peptide sequence	VPQP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Val-Pro-Gln-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

VPQP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	439.51 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

> 1000 μM

pIC₅₀

> -3.0

GRAVY

-0.6250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Human
Organism/Source	Human milk protein
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(78-81)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1111 ---- Plant proteins ---- 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 Source.2: DFBPPR1461 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 3 [UDP-forming] Source.3: DFBPPR1542 ---- Plant proteins ---- Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase GL1-1 Source.4: DFBPPR2098 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 Source.5: DFBPPR2661 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 5 Source.6: DFBPPR3013 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 Source.7: DFBPPR3073 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-7H Source.8: DFBPPR3133 ---- Plant proteins ---- Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 8 Source.9: DFBPPR3144 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 6 Source.10: DFBPPR3310 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor PCF2 Source.11: DFBPPR3333 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 11 Source.12: DFBPPR3401 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 2 Source.13: DFBPPR3418 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 3 Source.14: DFBPPR4203 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 27 Source.15: DFBPPR4293 ---- Plant proteins ---- Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 7 Source.16: DFBPPR4733 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os07g0679700 Source.17: DFBPPR4754 ---- Plant proteins ---- AP2/ERF and B3 domain-containing protein Os01g0693400 Source.18: DFBPPR4771 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative AP2/ERF and B3 domain-containing protein Os01g0140700 Source.19: DFBPPR4806 ---- Plant proteins ---- AP2/ERF and B3 domain-containing protein Os05g0549800 Source.20: DFBPPR4830 ---- Plant proteins ---- AP2/ERF and B3 domain-containing protein Os01g0141000 Source.21: DFBPPR4901 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like protein CR4 Source.22: DFBPPR5278 ---- Plant proteins ---- 40S ribosomal protein SA Source.23: DFBPPR5313 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 1D1 Source.24: DFBPPR5315 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 1D2 Source.25: DFBPPR5413 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative receptor protein kinase CRINKLY4 Source.26: DFBPPR6619 ---- Plant proteins ---- Outer envelope protein 80, chloroplastic Source.27: DFBPPR6934 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha/beta-gliadin clone PW1215 Source.28: DFBPPR6960 ---- Plant proteins ---- Gamma-gliadin Source.29: DFBPPR6967 ---- Plant proteins ---- Gamma-gliadin Source.30: DFBPPR7605 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.31: DFBPPR7665 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.32: DFBPPR16439 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lutropin subunit beta Source.33: DFBPPR17157 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP2-associated protein kinase 1 Source.34: DFBPPR17166 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 Source.35: DFBPPR17381 ---- Animal proteins ---- Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 Source.36: DFBPPR17549 ---- Animal proteins ---- Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, mitochondrial Source.37: DFBPPR18122 ---- Animal proteins ---- Microtubule-associated protein 4 Source.38: DFBPPR18368 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIP12 Source.39: DFBPPR18406 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiotensinogen Source.40: DFBPPR18897 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 20 Source.41: DFBPPR18973 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcriptional activator Myb Source.42: DFBPPR19355 ---- Animal proteins ---- CTP synthase 2 Source.43: DFBPPR19794 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bone morphogenetic protein 15 Source.44: DFBPPR20122 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 25 Source.45: DFBPPR20316 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoV Source.46: DFBPPR20354 ---- Animal proteins ---- Single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase Source.47: DFBPPR20437 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein shisa-5 Source.48: DFBPPR20727 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor expression-enhancing protein 4 Source.49: DFBPPR21190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 22 Source.50: DFBPPR21346 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ameloblastin Source.51: DFBPPR21555 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 26 Source.52: DFBPPR8703 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP2-associated protein kinase 1 Source.53: DFBPPR8908 ---- Animal proteins ---- Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor Source.54: DFBPPR8972 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lutropin subunit beta Source.55: DFBPPR9055 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ameloblastin Source.56: DFBPPR9433 ---- Animal proteins ---- Autophagy protein 5 Source.57: DFBPPR9884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 Source.58: DFBPPR9997 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 Source.59: DFBPPR9998 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial Source.60: DFBPPR10173 ---- Animal proteins ---- Teneurin-1 Source.61: DFBPPR10239 ---- Animal proteins ---- Catenin alpha-2 Source.62: DFBPPR10359 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proto-oncogene c-Rel Source.63: DFBPPR10573 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal-glial cell adhesion molecule Source.64: DFBPPR10625 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 Source.65: DFBPPR10687 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcriptional activator Myb Source.66: DFBPPR10703 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tensin Source.67: DFBPPR10984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 20 Source.68: DFBPPR11228 ---- Animal proteins ---- CTP synthase 2 Source.69: DFBPPR11604 ---- Animal proteins ---- Centromere protein I Source.70: DFBPPR11963 ---- Animal proteins ---- Stromal membrane-associated protein 2 Source.71: DFBPPR12279 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform Source.72: DFBPPR12515 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha Source.73: DFBPPR12653 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein Source.74: DFBPPR12682 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycine N-methyltransferase Source.75: DFBPPR12780 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cornifin alpha Source.76: DFBPPR12915 ---- Animal proteins ---- Small proline-rich protein 3 Source.77: DFBPPR12979 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lutropin subunit beta Source.78: DFBPPR13165 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 Source.79: DFBPPR13690 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiotensinogen Source.80: DFBPPR13785 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bone morphogenetic protein 15 Source.81: DFBPPR13872 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin, high sulfur matrix protein, IIIB3 Source.82: DFBPPR14986 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 5-aminolevulinate synthase, mitochondrial Source.83: DFBPPR15488 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Multiple RNA-binding domain-containing protein 1 Source.84: DFBPPR15550 ---- Microorganism protein ---- COPII coat assembly protein SEC16 Source.85: DFBPPR15629 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Transcription activator MSS11
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited very weak Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of > 1000 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptides used in this study were synthesized by the solid-phase method.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Kohmura, M., Nio, N., Kubo, K., Minoshima, Y., Munekata, E., Ariyoshi, Y. Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme by Synthetic Peptides of Human β-Casein. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. 2014, 53, 2107-14. DOI: 10.1080/00021369.1989.10869621
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2014