Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1529(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1529
Peptide sequence	GRPR
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Arg-Pro-Arg

Single-letter amino acid

GRPR

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	484.55 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

12.50 ^c

IC₅₀

470 uM

pIC₅₀

-2.672

GRAVY

-2.7500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Marine, Fish
Organism/Source	Dried bonito (Katsuobusi)
Precursor protein	Muscle protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0859 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/cytosolic Source.2: DFBPPR0929 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROS1A Source.3: DFBPPR0973 ---- Plant proteins ---- Polyamine oxidase 7 Source.4: DFBPPR1270 ---- Plant proteins ---- Brassinosteroid LRR receptor kinase BRL1 Source.5: DFBPPR1592 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase 1, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1599 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase 2, chloroplastic Source.7: DFBPPR1660 ---- Plant proteins ---- Magnesium-chelatase subunit ChlH, chloroplastic Source.8: DFBPPR1913 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphoglucan, water dikinase, chloroplastic Source.9: DFBPPR2161 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK7 Source.10: DFBPPR2188 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase SLC2 Source.11: DFBPPR2225 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-transporting ATPase 1, plasma membrane-type Source.12: DFBPPR2355 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glycosyltransferase 5 Source.13: DFBPPR2413 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK8 Source.14: DFBPPR2486 ---- Plant proteins ---- BTB/POZ domain and ankyrin repeat-containing protein NPR2 Source.15: DFBPPR2576 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glycosyltransferase 4 Source.16: DFBPPR2581 ---- Plant proteins ---- Polyamine oxidase 6 Source.17: DFBPPR2619 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphate transporter PHO1-3 Source.18: DFBPPR2705 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable protein phosphatase 2C 72 Source.19: DFBPPR2751 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-7 Source.20: DFBPPR2763 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.21: DFBPPR2989 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-2 Source.22: DFBPPR3087 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-3 Source.23: DFBPPR3114 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial Source.24: DFBPPR3576 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transport inhibitor response 1-like protein Os11g0515500 Source.25: DFBPPR3739 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14B Source.26: DFBPPR3760 ---- Plant proteins ---- 30S ribosomal protein S14, chloroplastic Source.27: DFBPPR3943 ---- Plant proteins ---- RNA pseudouridine synthase 7 Source.28: DFBPPR4041 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 4A2 Source.29: DFBPPR4131 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 22 Source.30: DFBPPR4209 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable chromo domain-containing protein LHP1 Source.31: DFBPPR4307 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl transferase 8 Source.32: DFBPPR4410 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 53 Source.33: DFBPPR4507 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein WHAT'S THIS FACTOR 1 homolog, chloroplastic Source.34: DFBPPR4550 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 23 Source.35: DFBPPR4552 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os07g0563300 Source.36: DFBPPR4617 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 Source.37: DFBPPR4856 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os01g0723500 Source.38: DFBPPR5185 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.39: DFBPPR5189 ---- Plant proteins ---- HMG-Y-related protein A Source.40: DFBPPR5193 ---- Plant proteins ---- HMG-Y-related protein B Source.41: DFBPPR5283 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-3 Source.42: DFBPPR5292 ---- Plant proteins ---- 30S ribosomal protein S14, chloroplastic Source.43: DFBPPR5420 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase Source.44: DFBPPR5561 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase catalytic chain, chloroplastic Source.45: DFBPPR5574 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein WHAT'S THIS FACTOR 1, chloroplastic Source.46: DFBPPR5581 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase, chloroplastic Source.47: DFBPPR5841 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.48: DFBPPR6028 ---- Plant proteins ---- 30S ribosomal protein S14, chloroplastic Source.49: DFBPPR6534 ---- Plant proteins ---- 30S ribosomal protein S14, chloroplastic Source.50: DFBPPR6550 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-3 Source.51: DFBPPR6551 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-2 Source.52: DFBPPR6552 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.53: DFBPPR6675 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase, chloroplastic Source.54: DFBPPR6759 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine carboxypeptidase 3 Source.55: DFBPPR6921 ---- Plant proteins ---- 30S ribosomal protein S14, chloroplastic Source.56: DFBPPR7021 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lipoxygenase 2.1, chloroplastic Source.57: DFBPPR7083 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lipoxygenase 2.2, chloroplastic Source.58: DFBPPR7295 ---- Plant proteins ---- 30S ribosomal protein S14, chloroplastic Source.59: DFBPPR7444 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin BnC2 Source.60: DFBPPR7540 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S14, mitochondrial Source.61: DFBPPR16119 ---- Animal proteins ---- High mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y Source.62: DFBPPR16150 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chloride channel protein 1 Source.63: DFBPPR16188 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.64: DFBPPR16646 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B Source.65: DFBPPR16836 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibronectin Source.66: DFBPPR16883 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, aortic smooth muscle Source.67: DFBPPR16921 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase Source.68: DFBPPR17009 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial Source.69: DFBPPR17056 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein-lysine 6-oxidase Source.70: DFBPPR17057 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor Source.71: DFBPPR17154 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Source.72: DFBPPR17155 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Source.73: DFBPPR17514 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.74: DFBPPR17737 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inactive serine/threonine-protein kinase TEX14 Source.75: DFBPPR17745 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-lysine methyltransferase KMT5A Source.76: DFBPPR17747 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.77: DFBPPR17980 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase haspin Source.78: DFBPPR18255 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 Source.79: DFBPPR18495 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle Source.80: DFBPPR18762 ---- Animal proteins ---- DDRGK domain-containing protein 1 Source.81: DFBPPR18841 ---- Animal proteins ---- PHD finger protein 6 Source.82: DFBPPR18872 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 Source.83: DFBPPR19032 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain Source.84: DFBPPR19239 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 42 Source.85: DFBPPR19250 ---- Animal proteins ---- Brevican core protein Source.86: DFBPPR19323 ---- Animal proteins ---- WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz and NTR domain-containing protein 2 Source.87: DFBPPR19449 ---- Animal proteins ---- SCO-spondin Source.88: DFBPPR19664 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein OS-9 Source.89: DFBPPR19757 ---- Animal proteins ---- Torsin-1A-interacting protein 1 Source.90: DFBPPR19768 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peroxynitrite isomerase THAP4 Source.91: DFBPPR19824 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein Source.92: DFBPPR19882 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 1 Source.93: DFBPPR20008 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine incorporator 3 Source.94: DFBPPR20251 ---- Animal proteins ---- Follistatin-related protein 3 Source.95: DFBPPR20377 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAS guanyl-releasing protein 4 Source.96: DFBPPR20515 ---- Animal proteins ---- EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 2 Source.97: DFBPPR20529 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transgelin Source.98: DFBPPR20532 ---- Animal proteins ---- LIM/homeobox protein Lhx9 Source.99: DFBPPR20790 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 Source.100: DFBPPR20839 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain-containing 2 Source.101: DFBPPR20859 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trafficking protein particle complex subunit 4 Source.102: DFBPPR20914 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B Source.103: DFBPPR21075 ---- Animal proteins ---- Constitutive coactivator of PPAR-gamma-like protein 1 Source.104: DFBPPR21106 ---- Animal proteins ---- 40S ribosomal protein S10 Source.105: DFBPPR21244 ---- Animal proteins ---- RELT-like protein 1 Source.106: DFBPPR21257 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mesoderm induction early response protein 2 Source.107: DFBPPR21360 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 158 Source.108: DFBPPR21366 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibroblast growth factor 18 Source.109: DFBPPR21500 ---- Animal proteins ---- Docking protein 2 Source.110: DFBPPR21715 ---- Animal proteins ---- Junctional protein associated with coronary artery disease homolog Source.111: DFBPPR21857 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 2 Source.112: DFBPPR21867 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 5 Source.113: DFBPPR22054 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable UDP-sugar transporter protein SLC35A4 Source.114: DFBPPR22480 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 70 Source.115: DFBPPR22677 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein CXorf49 homolog Source.116: DFBPPR8562 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.117: DFBPPR8613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyroglobulin Source.118: DFBPPR8742 ---- Animal proteins ---- Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 Source.119: DFBPPR8884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.120: DFBPPR8942 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 Source.121: DFBPPR8984 ---- Animal proteins ---- V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 Source.122: DFBPPR9159 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hematopoietic cell signal transducer Source.123: DFBPPR9316 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein prophet of Pit-1 Source.124: DFBPPR9581 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain Source.125: DFBPPR9860 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor 19 Source.126: DFBPPR10103 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.127: DFBPPR10235 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibroblast growth factor 8 Source.128: DFBPPR10319 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 Source.129: DFBPPR10338 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.130: DFBPPR10361 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein HIRA Source.131: DFBPPR10431 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, aortic smooth muscle Source.132: DFBPPR10466 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.133: DFBPPR10478 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle Source.134: DFBPPR10690 ---- Animal proteins ---- V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 Source.135: DFBPPR10777 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic type 5 Source.136: DFBPPR10810 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Source.137: DFBPPR10865 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transgelin Source.138: DFBPPR10941 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1 Source.139: DFBPPR11055 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thymidine kinase, cytosolic Source.140: DFBPPR11135 ---- Animal proteins ---- Popeye domain-containing protein 3 Source.141: DFBPPR11237 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibroblast growth factor 3 Source.142: DFBPPR11344 ---- Animal proteins ---- LIM/homeobox protein Lhx9 Source.143: DFBPPR11595 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1B Source.144: DFBPPR11762 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trafficking protein particle complex subunit 5 Source.145: DFBPPR11801 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein SAX-1 Source.146: DFBPPR11918 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif 19 Source.147: DFBPPR11968 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B Source.148: DFBPPR12004 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 3a Source.149: DFBPPR12158 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein CDV3 homolog Source.150: DFBPPR12268 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.151: DFBPPR12321 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B Source.152: DFBPPR12396 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Source.153: DFBPPR12494 ---- Animal proteins ---- V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 Source.154: DFBPPR12556 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, aortic smooth muscle Source.155: DFBPPR12700 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.156: DFBPPR12701 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.157: DFBPPR12750 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anion exchange protein 2 Source.158: DFBPPR12870 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein transport protein Sec16B Source.159: DFBPPR12876 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain Source.160: DFBPPR13029 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 5 Source.161: DFBPPR13231 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.162: DFBPPR13334 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anion exchange protein 2 Source.163: DFBPPR13769 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.164: DFBPPR13817 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain Source.165: DFBPPR13996 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.166: DFBPPR14021 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.167: DFBPPR14143 ---- Marine protein ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.168: DFBPPR14558 ---- Marine protein ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.169: DFBPPR14572 ---- Marine protein ---- V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 Source.170: DFBPPR14935 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Actin Source.171: DFBPPR15058 ---- Microorganism protein ---- DNA repair and recombination protein RAD52 Source.172: DFBPPR15255 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Ribosome biogenesis protein ERB1 Source.173: DFBPPR7767 ---- Plant protein ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase 2, chloroplastic Source.174: DFBPPR7770 ---- Plant protein ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase 1, chloroplastic Source.175: DFBPPR7844 ---- Plant protein ---- Actin-1 Source.176: DFBPPR7880 ---- Plant protein ---- 30S ribosomal protein S14, chloroplastic Source.177: DFBPPR7977 ---- Plant protein ---- Ribosomal protein S14, mitochondrial Source.178: DFBPPR8133 ---- Plant protein ---- 30S ribosomal protein S14, chloroplastic Source.179: DFBPPR8310 ---- Plant protein ---- 30S ribosomal protein S14, chloroplastic
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited low Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 470 uM (230 μg/mL).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Peptides were synthesized by a solid phase method with a peptide synthesizer (Biosearch SAM TWO).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Yokoyama K, Chiba H, Yoshikawa M. Peptide inhibitors for angiotensin I-converting enzyme from thermolysin digest of dried bonito. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1992 Oct;56(10):1541-5. PMID: 1369054 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.56.1541
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	1992