Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI2151(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI2151
Peptide sequence	VVYPWTQ
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	DPP IV-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Opioid activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln

Single-letter amino acid

VVYPWTQ

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	892.03 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

5.6 uM ^[1]

pIC₅₀

-0.748

GRAVY

0.0571^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

57.14%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Deer
Precursor protein	Deer velvet antler protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR16819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.2: DFBPPR18509 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.3: DFBPPR8940 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.4: DFBPPR9275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.5: DFBPPR9704 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit theta Source.6: DFBPPR12445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-1/2 Source.7: DFBPPR12812 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit gamma Source.8: DFBPPR12916 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.9: DFBPPR13247 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.10: DFBPPR13439 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-A Source.11: DFBPPR13453 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-C Source.12: DFBPPR13465 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.13: DFBPPR13474 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon-1 Source.14: DFBPPR13618 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.15: DFBPPR13695 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-C Source.16: DFBPPR13859 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta
Link-research Inductive analysis	Link 1: DFBPACEI1118----Bovine hemoglobin----Hemoglobin β-chain

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited strong Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 5.6 uM ^[1].
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Fermentation
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Fermented deer velvet antler was prepared by UBBio Limited (Christchurch, New Zealand) using velvet antlers commercially sourced from red deer farmed in New Zealand.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Deer velvet antler contains multiple ACE inhibitory peptide sequences that may be released by fermentation or following oral consumption, and which may provide a health benefit through positive effects on the cardiovascular system.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPDPIV0224
[D2]	DFBPOPIO0017
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0221

BIOPEP-UWM

[D4]

2571, 9277, 9635

APD

[D5]

BioPepDB

[D6]

MBPDB

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Haines SR, McCann MJ, Grosvenor AJ, Thomas A, Noble A, Clerens S. ACE inhibitory peptides in standard and fermented deer velvet: an in silico and in vitro investigation. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Dec 5;19(1):350. PMID: 31806003 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2758-3
Other literature(s)	[1] Zhao Q, Piot J M. Investigation of inhibition angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and opioid activity of two hemorphins, LVV-hemorphin-5 and VV-hemorphin-5, isolated from a defined peptic hydrolysate of bovine hemoglobin[J]. Neuropeptides, 1997, 31(2):147-153.
PubDate	2019