Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANCA0335(Anticancer peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANCA0335
Peptide sequence	PGPIPN
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Anticancer peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Anticancer activity
Otheir bioactivity	Immunomodulatory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile-Pro-Asn

Single-letter amino acid

PGPIPN

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	593.67 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.7000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

83.33%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk protein
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(63-68)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Anticancer activity

The peptide PGPIPN inhibited the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells line SKOV3 as well as the primary ovarian cancer cells in vitro (Figure 1). Consistently, PGPIPIN also decreased tumor growth rate in xenograft ovarian cancer model mice in a dose-dependent manner. Further study demonstrated that the anti-tumor effect of PGPIPN is partially through promoting cell apoptosis by inhibiting BCL2 pathway.

Figure 1. PGPIPN induces human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells underwent growth inhibition and cell apoptosis. (A) PGPIPN at different concentrations inhibits the proliferation of SKOV3 cells, measured at different time points. Data shown are mean ± SD of three independent experiments,*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with control (the vehicle group). (B) Flow cytometry analysis shows that PGPIPN treatment induced SKOV3 cells apoptosis after 48 h drug exposure. This measurement was biologically triplicated.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthetic peptide
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The PGPIPN (the purity was confirmed by RP-HPLC to be 99.5%) was provided by Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

This study suggests that PGPIPN is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer or other types of cancer.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPIMMU0032
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0719

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Wang W, Gu F, Wei C, Tang Y, Zheng X, Ren M, Qin Y. PGPIPN, a therapeutic hexapeptide, suppressed human ovarian cancer growth by targeting BCL2. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 8;8(4):e60701. PMID: 23593287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060701
Other literature(s)	[1] Udenigwe C C , Hannah W , Gong M , et al. Preclinical Evidence on the Anticancer Properties of Food Peptides[J]. Protein Pept Lett, 2017, 24(2):-.
PubDate	2013