Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANHY0012(Antihypertensive peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANHY0012
Peptide sequence	YLGY
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antihypertensive peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Antioxidative activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Leu-Gly-Tyr

Single-letter amino acid

YLGY

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	514.57 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.87 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.2000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Milk protein
Precursor protein	α_s1-Casein
Residue position	f(91-94)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR2162 ---- Plant proteins ---- Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase GL1-7 Source.2: DFBPPR2240 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable protein phosphatase 2C BIPP2C1 Source.3: DFBPPR2665 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 Source.4: DFBPPR3119 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 39 Source.5: DFBPPR7688 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.6: DFBPPR7694 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.7: DFBPPR7717 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.8: DFBPPR8488 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.9: DFBPPR16182 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 Source.10: DFBPPR16254 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transferrin receptor protein 1 Source.11: DFBPPR16480 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 Source.12: DFBPPR16504 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction gamma-1 protein Source.13: DFBPPR17363 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin Source.14: DFBPPR17515 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5'-nucleotidase Source.15: DFBPPR17644 ---- Animal proteins ---- CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta Source.16: DFBPPR17691 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrin alpha-L Source.17: DFBPPR17778 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrin alpha-V Source.18: DFBPPR18237 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 Source.19: DFBPPR18359 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 Source.20: DFBPPR18918 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 Source.21: DFBPPR18924 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 Source.22: DFBPPR18952 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serotransferrin Source.23: DFBPPR19111 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 Source.24: DFBPPR19193 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 4 Source.25: DFBPPR19664 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein OS-9 Source.26: DFBPPR21007 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein ABHD1 Source.27: DFBPPR21130 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 17 Source.28: DFBPPR21275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction gamma-1 protein Source.29: DFBPPR21386 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B Source.30: DFBPPR22097 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ester hydrolase C11orf54 homolog Source.31: DFBPPR22351 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 168 Source.32: DFBPPR8551 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aminopeptidase N Source.33: DFBPPR9015 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serotransferrin Source.34: DFBPPR9071 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 Source.35: DFBPPR9168 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase Source.36: DFBPPR9364 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction gamma-1 protein Source.37: DFBPPR9955 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.38: DFBPPR10028 ---- Animal proteins ---- CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta Source.39: DFBPPR10571 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction gamma-1 protein Source.40: DFBPPR10748 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 Source.41: DFBPPR10766 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 Source.42: DFBPPR10804 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrin alpha-V Source.43: DFBPPR10927 ---- Animal proteins ---- Frizzled-7 Source.44: DFBPPR11195 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 Source.45: DFBPPR11196 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 Source.46: DFBPPR11802 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 17 Source.47: DFBPPR12085 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lariat debranching enzyme Source.48: DFBPPR12251 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serotransferrin Source.49: DFBPPR13151 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transferrin receptor protein 1 Source.50: DFBPPR13263 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serotransferrin Source.51: DFBPPR15258 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Invertase
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antihypertensive activity

(1) The peptide YLGY showed antihypertensive effect to some degree and reverted 24 h after administration, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Effects of ACE Inhibitory Peptides on SBP of SHR
Sample	Dose (mg/kg)	Time after administration (hr), SBP (mmHg)
Sample	Dose (mg/kg)	2	4	6	8	24
YLGY	5.0	-12.2 *	-14.5 *	-6.0 *	-9.0 *	3.0
zofenopril	5.0	-31.0 *	-31.5 *	-27.5 *	-26.5 *	-5.0
Paired Student’s t test was used to compare different times post-administration with the corresponding basal pressure values (n = 6, * p < 0.05).

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptide was obtained from the peptide RYLGY after the action of digestive enzymes including pepsin A (E.C. 3.4.23.1) and Corolase PP.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	Peptide YLGY has resistant to gastrointestinal digestive enzymes including pepsin A (E.C. 3.4.23.1) and Corolase PP.
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	Non-Toxin
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI1383
[D2]	DFBPANOX0673
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0349

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Contreras, M.d.M., Sanchez, D., Sevilla, M.Á., Recio, I., Amigo, L. Resistance of casein-derived bioactive peptides to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. International Dairy Journal. 2013, 32, 71-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.05.008
Other literature(s)	[1] Sánchez-Rivera, L., et al., Peptide fragments from β-casein f(134–138), HLPLP, generated by the action of rat blood plasma peptidases show potent antihypertensive activity. Food Research International, 2016. 88: p. 348-353.
PubDate	2013