Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANHY0016(Antihypertensive peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANHY0016
Peptide sequence	SLPQ
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antihypertensive peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ser-Leu-Pro-Gln

Single-letter amino acid

SLPQ

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	443.49 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.5250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Goat milk
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(84-87)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1031 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor EAT1 Source.2: DFBPPR1636 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 Source.3: DFBPPR2061 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable ion channel POLLUX Source.4: DFBPPR2160 ---- Plant proteins ---- CBL-interacting protein kinase 11 Source.5: DFBPPR2173 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cullin-1 Source.6: DFBPPR2371 ---- Plant proteins ---- Seed allergenic protein RAG1 Source.7: DFBPPR3118 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA polymerase delta small subunit Source.8: DFBPPR3267 ---- Plant proteins ---- CDP-diacylglycerol--serine O-phosphatidyltransferase 3 Source.9: DFBPPR3977 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 5 Source.10: DFBPPR3980 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 7 Source.11: DFBPPR4481 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 12 Source.12: DFBPPR4674 ---- Plant proteins ---- Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 1 Source.13: DFBPPR4689 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable plastid-lipid-associated protein 2, chloroplastic Source.14: DFBPPR4694 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative protein ABIL2 Source.15: DFBPPR4869 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative B3 domain-containing protein LOC_Os07g12820 Source.16: DFBPPR4986 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uricase-2 isozyme 1 Source.17: DFBPPR5052 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uricase-2 isozyme 2 Source.18: DFBPPR5101 ---- Plant proteins ---- Stearoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase, chloroplastic Source.19: DFBPPR5446 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein OPAQUE1 Source.20: DFBPPR6062 ---- Plant proteins ---- HSP-interacting protein Source.21: DFBPPR6252 ---- Plant proteins ---- Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 1 Source.22: DFBPPR7681 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.23: DFBPPR7692 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.24: DFBPPR7700 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.25: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.26: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.27: DFBPPR16034 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.28: DFBPPR16056 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase Source.29: DFBPPR16130 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2 Source.30: DFBPPR16170 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inversin Source.31: DFBPPR16280 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V2 receptor Source.32: DFBPPR16557 ---- Animal proteins ---- Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 Source.33: DFBPPR16825 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myelin basic protein Source.34: DFBPPR16920 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2 Source.35: DFBPPR16943 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] Source.36: DFBPPR16997 ---- Animal proteins ---- Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 Source.37: DFBPPR16998 ---- Animal proteins ---- Poly(A) polymerase alpha Source.38: DFBPPR17370 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bone morphogenetic protein 4 Source.39: DFBPPR17461 ---- Animal proteins ---- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Source.40: DFBPPR17547 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5 Source.41: DFBPPR17739 ---- Animal proteins ---- Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein 1 Source.42: DFBPPR17830 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V2 receptor Source.43: DFBPPR17839 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM13 Source.44: DFBPPR17996 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase Source.45: DFBPPR18166 ---- Animal proteins ---- Selenoprotein P Source.46: DFBPPR18319 ---- Animal proteins ---- MMS19 nucleotide excision repair protein homolog Source.47: DFBPPR18455 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B Source.48: DFBPPR18535 ---- Animal proteins ---- M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 Source.49: DFBPPR18648 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 Source.50: DFBPPR18940 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 Source.51: DFBPPR19068 ---- Animal proteins ---- CXXC-type zinc finger protein 1 Source.52: DFBPPR19197 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein LSM14 homolog A Source.53: DFBPPR19251 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 Source.54: DFBPPR19254 ---- Animal proteins ---- Periaxin Source.55: DFBPPR19259 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein transport protein Sec16B Source.56: DFBPPR19359 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spartin Source.57: DFBPPR19722 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cdc42 effector protein 1 Source.58: DFBPPR19808 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase 2 Source.59: DFBPPR20276 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hsp90 co-chaperone Cdc37-like 1 Source.60: DFBPPR20303 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aspartate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial Source.61: DFBPPR20350 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pinin Source.62: DFBPPR20425 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 Source.63: DFBPPR20469 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein Pegasus Source.64: DFBPPR20535 ---- Animal proteins ---- FAD-dependent oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 1 Source.65: DFBPPR20923 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystatin-A Source.66: DFBPPR20964 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP2 Source.67: DFBPPR20993 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L12, mitochondrial Source.68: DFBPPR20999 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein SERAC1 Source.69: DFBPPR21215 ---- Animal proteins ---- Origin recognition complex subunit 6 Source.70: DFBPPR21364 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10-like protein Source.71: DFBPPR21467 ---- Animal proteins ---- Striatin-interacting protein 1 Source.72: DFBPPR21781 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 1 Source.73: DFBPPR22182 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein TOPAZ1 Source.74: DFBPPR22361 ---- Animal proteins ---- SPRY domain-containing protein 7 Source.75: DFBPPR22369 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 247 Source.76: DFBPPR22457 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 97 Source.77: DFBPPR22561 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pre-rRNA-processing protein TSR2 homolog Source.78: DFBPPR22722 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C11orf91 homolog Source.79: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.80: DFBPPR8637 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 Source.81: DFBPPR8690 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] Source.82: DFBPPR8755 ---- Animal proteins ---- Antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I Source.83: DFBPPR8764 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A Source.84: DFBPPR8776 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1 Source.85: DFBPPR8801 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase Source.86: DFBPPR8830 ---- Animal proteins ---- Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 Source.87: DFBPPR8903 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2 Source.88: DFBPPR9310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V2 receptor Source.89: DFBPPR9319 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myelin basic protein Source.90: DFBPPR9519 ---- Animal proteins ---- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Source.91: DFBPPR9601 ---- Animal proteins ---- 28S ribosomal protein S18b, mitochondrial Source.92: DFBPPR9673 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurokinin-B Source.93: DFBPPR9820 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 62 Source.94: DFBPPR9955 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.95: DFBPPR9984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput Source.96: DFBPPR10037 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leptin Source.97: DFBPPR10273 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bone morphogenetic protein 4 Source.98: DFBPPR10316 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynactin subunit 1 Source.99: DFBPPR10330 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase eta Source.100: DFBPPR10492 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 1 Source.101: DFBPPR10626 ---- Animal proteins ---- Class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain Source.102: DFBPPR10632 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Hakai Source.103: DFBPPR10641 ---- Animal proteins ---- Signal peptide peptidase-like 2B Source.104: DFBPPR10650 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gelsolin Source.105: DFBPPR10822 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 alpha Source.106: DFBPPR10858 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 Source.107: DFBPPR10904 ---- Animal proteins ---- Signal transducing adapter molecule 2 Source.108: DFBPPR10990 ---- Animal proteins ---- Period circadian protein homolog 2 Source.109: DFBPPR11092 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ataxin-3 Source.110: DFBPPR11451 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 Source.111: DFBPPR11515 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM53A Source.112: DFBPPR11600 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyccin Source.113: DFBPPR11686 ---- Animal proteins ---- Class II histocompatibility antigen, B-L beta chain Source.114: DFBPPR11708 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 Source.115: DFBPPR11777 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein Hox-B3 Source.116: DFBPPR11807 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activating transcription factor 7-interacting protein 1 Source.117: DFBPPR11990 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor SOX-1 Source.118: DFBPPR12014 ---- Animal proteins ---- Raftlin Source.119: DFBPPR12051 ---- Animal proteins ---- GATOR complex protein WDR24 Source.120: DFBPPR12056 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein PRRC1 Source.121: DFBPPR12088 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 14 Source.122: DFBPPR12111 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 1 Source.123: DFBPPR12223 ---- Animal proteins ---- SPRY domain-containing protein 7 Source.124: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.125: DFBPPR12347 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.126: DFBPPR12422 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E Source.127: DFBPPR12432 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 Source.128: DFBPPR12458 ---- Animal proteins ---- Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 Source.129: DFBPPR12490 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uteroglobin Source.130: DFBPPR12747 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myelin basic protein Source.131: DFBPPR12890 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase protein 8 Source.132: DFBPPR13010 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter Source.133: DFBPPR13067 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.134: DFBPPR13290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myelin basic protein Source.135: DFBPPR13352 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase protein 8 Source.136: DFBPPR13406 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cortactin-binding protein 2 Source.137: DFBPPR13696 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin D Source.138: DFBPPR13775 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.139: DFBPPR13863 ---- Animal proteins ---- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Source.140: DFBPPR13947 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cortactin-binding protein 2 Source.141: DFBPPR13950 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein TOPAZ1 Source.142: DFBPPR13982 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A Source.143: DFBPPR14126 ---- Marine protein ---- Nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 1 Source.144: DFBPPR14755 ---- Marine protein ---- Techylectin-5A Source.145: DFBPPR14991 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex protein PAN1 Source.146: DFBPPR15031 ---- Microorganism protein ---- NAD-dependent histone deacetylase SIR2 Source.147: DFBPPR15181 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Nitrogen permease regulator 3 Source.148: DFBPPR15302 ---- Microorganism protein ---- mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation factor CLP1 Source.149: DFBPPR15342 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Histone transcription regulator 3 homolog Source.150: DFBPPR15550 ---- Microorganism protein ---- COPII coat assembly protein SEC16 Source.151: DFBPPR15671 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Outer spore wall protein 5 Source.152: DFBPPR15727 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Altered inheritance of mitochondria protein 3
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antihypertensive activity

The antihypertensive activity of goat milk hydrolysate rich in TGPIPN, SLPQ, SQPK was studied in SHR. The SHR fed for 12 wk a diet enriched in a hydrolysate containing these peptides showed lower (approximately 15 mmHg) systolic blood pressure than animals fed a control diet, so the peptide SLPQ was a potential antihypertensive peptide (data not shown).

Table 1. Changes in BW, organ weight, food intake, and feeding efficiency of rats fed different diets ¹
Item	GP-control	GP-hyd	Captopril
Initial BW, g	142.0 ± 4.9	152.0 ± 3.6	141.9 ± 4.9
Final BW, g	263.0 ± 9.7	212.2 ± 7.0**	270.0 ± 6.4
Heart weight, mg	948 ± 31	711 ± 33**	816 ± 31**
Left ventricle weight, mg	690 ± 23	512 ± 22**	572 ± 27**
Kidney weight, mg	924 ± 48	616 ± 28**	861 ± 22
Weight gain, g/rat per d	1.44 ± 0.08	0.72 ± 0.06**	1.56 ± 0.04
Food intake, g/rat per d	17.5 ± 0.3	18.1 ± 0.5	21.8 ± 0.6**
Feeding efficiency ², %	8.24 ± 0.44	3.97 ± 0.31**	7.17 ± 0.17**
¹ Values are means ± SEM (n = 10). ² Feeding efficiency = (daily weight gain/daily food intake) × 100. GP-control = diet containing goat protein; GP-hyd = ad libitum diet containing goat protein hydrolysate; captopril = diet containing goat protein and captopril. ^** P < 0.01 vs. GP-control group.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Goat milk was hydrolyzed with a subtilisin alcalase for the preparation of ACE inhibitors.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI0282
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0391

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Geerlings, A., Villar, I.C., Hidalgo Zarco, F., Sánchez, M., Vera, R., Zafra Gomez, A., et al. Identification and Characterization of Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Obtained from Goat Milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 2006, 89, 3326-35. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72369-4
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2006