Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANHY0017(Antihypertensive peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANHY0017
Peptide sequence	SQPK
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antihypertensive peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ser-Gln-Pro-Lys

Single-letter amino acid

SQPK

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	458.51 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

10.04 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-2.4500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

25%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Goat milk
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(181-184)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0904 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK2 Source.2: DFBPPR0936 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK8 Source.3: DFBPPR0945 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK10 Source.4: DFBPPR1004 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK9 Source.5: DFBPPR1059 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 Source.6: DFBPPR1158 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein RAR1 Source.7: DFBPPR1263 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable inactive leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase XIAO Source.8: DFBPPR1492 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cation-transporting ATPase HMA5 Source.9: DFBPPR1793 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphate transporter PHO1-1 Source.10: DFBPPR3093 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 11 Source.11: DFBPPR4630 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 11 Source.12: DFBPPR4890 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 48 Source.13: DFBPPR4897 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK1 Source.14: DFBPPR5277 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 97B2, chloroplastic Source.15: DFBPPR6730 ---- Plant proteins ---- Abscisic acid-inducible protein kinase Source.16: DFBPPR7639 ---- Milk proteins ---- MICAL-like protein 2 Source.17: DFBPPR7641 ---- Milk proteins ---- Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase Source.18: DFBPPR7643 ---- Milk proteins ---- MICAL-like protein 1 Source.19: DFBPPR7682 ---- Milk proteins ---- Lactoperoxidase Source.20: DFBPPR7692 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.21: DFBPPR7700 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.22: DFBPPR7712 ---- Milk proteins ---- Lactoperoxidase Source.23: DFBPPR8497 ---- Milk proteins ---- Lactoperoxidase Source.24: DFBPPR16233 ---- Animal proteins ---- Signal recognition particle subunit SRP72 Source.25: DFBPPR16251 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenosine receptor A2a Source.26: DFBPPR16587 ---- Animal proteins ---- B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 Source.27: DFBPPR16685 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bromodomain-containing protein 2 Source.28: DFBPPR17069 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Source.29: DFBPPR17157 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP2-associated protein kinase 1 Source.30: DFBPPR17265 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase Source.31: DFBPPR17523 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 Source.32: DFBPPR17536 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 6 Source.33: DFBPPR18332 ---- Animal proteins ---- G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 Source.34: DFBPPR18412 ---- Animal proteins ---- Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 Source.35: DFBPPR18507 ---- Animal proteins ---- G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 Source.36: DFBPPR18746 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anamorsin Source.37: DFBPPR18844 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha Source.38: DFBPPR19669 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1 Source.39: DFBPPR19981 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein AEBP2 Source.40: DFBPPR20343 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 1 Source.41: DFBPPR21101 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bromodomain-containing protein 2 Source.42: DFBPPR21143 ---- Animal proteins ---- tRNA wybutosine-synthesizing protein 3 homolog Source.43: DFBPPR21929 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 1-gamma Source.44: DFBPPR21979 ---- Animal proteins ---- X-ray radiation resistance-associated protein 1 Source.45: DFBPPR22023 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myotubularin-related protein 9-like Source.46: DFBPPR22422 ---- Animal proteins ---- UPF0428 protein CXorf56 homolog Source.47: DFBPPR22603 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 27 Source.48: DFBPPR8534 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4 Source.49: DFBPPR8563 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase Source.50: DFBPPR9069 ---- Animal proteins ---- E-selectin Source.51: DFBPPR9071 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 Source.52: DFBPPR9073 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vitronectin Source.53: DFBPPR9125 ---- Animal proteins ---- G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 Source.54: DFBPPR9663 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 1-gamma Source.55: DFBPPR9974 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Source.56: DFBPPR10172 ---- Animal proteins ---- Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor scleraxis Source.57: DFBPPR10208 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A Source.58: DFBPPR10247 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin filament-associated protein 1 Source.59: DFBPPR10459 ---- Animal proteins ---- Reelin Source.60: DFBPPR10603 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain Source.61: DFBPPR10940 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein piccolo Source.62: DFBPPR10962 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endophilin-A1 Source.63: DFBPPR11007 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anamorsin Source.64: DFBPPR11066 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein sprouty homolog 2 Source.65: DFBPPR11337 ---- Animal proteins ---- G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 Source.66: DFBPPR11627 ---- Animal proteins ---- WW domain-binding protein 4 Source.67: DFBPPR11878 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolyl endopeptidase-like Source.68: DFBPPR11901 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger CCHC domain-containing protein 8 Source.69: DFBPPR12053 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sugar phosphate exchanger 3 Source.70: DFBPPR12233 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 27 Source.71: DFBPPR12286 ---- Animal proteins ---- Helicase-like transcription factor Source.72: DFBPPR12396 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Source.73: DFBPPR12986 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 1-gamma Source.74: DFBPPR13398 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 1-gamma Source.75: DFBPPR13959 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calpastatin Source.76: DFBPPR14102 ---- Marine protein ---- Anamorsin-B Source.77: DFBPPR14104 ---- Marine protein ---- Anamorsin-A Source.78: DFBPPR14604 ---- Marine protein ---- Anamorsin Source.79: DFBPPR15562 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitotic spindle-associated protein SHE1 Source.80: DFBPPR15619 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATPase expression protein 2, mitochondrial Source.81: DFBPPR8054 ---- Plant protein ---- Leucoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin Source.82: DFBPPR8096 ---- Plant protein ---- Erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin Source.83: DFBPPR8167 ---- Plant protein ---- Leucoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antihypertensive activity

The antihypertensive activity of goat milk hydrolysate rich in TGPIPN, SLPQ, SQPK was studied in SHR. The SHR fed for 12 wk a diet enriched in a hydrolysate containing these peptides showed lower (approximately 15 mmHg) systolic blood pressure than animals fed a control diet, so the peptide SQPK was a potential antihypertensive peptide (data not shown).

Table 1. Changes in BW, organ weight, food intake, and feeding efficiency of rats fed different diets ¹
Item	GP-control	GP-hyd	Captopril
Initial BW, g	142.0 ± 4.9	152.0 ± 3.6	141.9 ± 4.9
Final BW, g	263.0 ± 9.7	212.2 ± 7.0**	270.0 ± 6.4
Heart weight, mg	948 ± 31	711 ± 33**	816 ± 31**
Left ventricle weight, mg	690 ± 23	512 ± 22**	572 ± 27**
Kidney weight, mg	924 ± 48	616 ± 28**	861 ± 22
Weight gain, g/rat per d	1.44 ± 0.08	0.72 ± 0.06**	1.56 ± 0.04
Food intake, g/rat per d	17.5 ± 0.3	18.1 ± 0.5	21.8 ± 0.6**
Feeding efficiency ², %	8.24 ± 0.44	3.97 ± 0.31**	7.17 ± 0.17**
¹ Values are means ± SEM (n = 10). ² Feeding efficiency = (daily weight gain/daily food intake) × 100. GP-control = diet containing goat protein; GP-hyd = ad libitum diet containing goat protein hydrolysate; captopril = diet containing goat protein and captopril. ^** P < 0.01 vs. GP-control group.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Goat milk was hydrolyzed with a subtilisin alcalase for the preparation of ACE inhibitors.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI0283
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0392

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Geerlings, A., Villar, I.C., Hidalgo Zarco, F., Sánchez, M., Vera, R., Zafra Gomez, A., et al. Identification and Characterization of Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Obtained from Goat Milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 2006, 89, 3326-35. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72369-4
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2006