Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANHY0246(Antihypertensive peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANHY0246
Peptide sequence	RPYL
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antihypertensive peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Arg-Pro-Tyr-Leu

Single-letter amino acid

RPYL

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
547.2 Da	547.64 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

9.82 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.9000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk whey
Precursor protein	lactoferrin(LF)
Residue position	f(133-136)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0992 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zeaxanthin epoxidase, chloroplastic Source.2: DFBPPR1141 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 6 Source.3: DFBPPR2056 ---- Plant proteins ---- Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 176 Source.4: DFBPPR2088 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable histidine kinase 1 Source.5: DFBPPR3249 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit beta'-1 Source.6: DFBPPR3384 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative coatomer subunit beta'-3 Source.7: DFBPPR3648 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative lipoxygenase 5 Source.8: DFBPPR3672 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit beta'-2 Source.9: DFBPPR3686 ---- Plant proteins ---- NifU-like protein 1, chloroplastic Source.10: DFBPPR3977 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 5 Source.11: DFBPPR4011 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sugar transport protein MST1 Source.12: DFBPPR4335 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-related protein 5 Source.13: DFBPPR4739 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os03g0620400 Source.14: DFBPPR5390 ---- Plant proteins ---- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1, chloroplastic Source.15: DFBPPR5783 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A Source.16: DFBPPR7070 ---- Plant proteins ---- Red chlorophyll catabolite reductase Source.17: DFBPPR7669 ---- Milk proteins ---- Lactotransferrin Source.18: DFBPPR7713 ---- Milk proteins ---- Lactotransferrin Source.19: DFBPPR8500 ---- Milk proteins ---- Lactotransferrin Source.20: DFBPPR15970 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aminopeptidase N Source.21: DFBPPR16034 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.22: DFBPPR16862 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 Source.23: DFBPPR17110 ---- Animal proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 Source.24: DFBPPR17382 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 Source.25: DFBPPR17472 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aminopeptidase N Source.26: DFBPPR17613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain Source.27: DFBPPR18352 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proenkephalin-B Source.28: DFBPPR18463 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secretogranin-2 Source.29: DFBPPR18613 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial Source.30: DFBPPR19274 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase-like protein 1 Source.31: DFBPPR19528 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methionine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic Source.32: DFBPPR19558 ---- Animal proteins ---- Polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase NOL9 Source.33: DFBPPR19732 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 Source.34: DFBPPR20296 ---- Animal proteins ---- Claudin-18 Source.35: DFBPPR20335 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 1 Source.36: DFBPPR20530 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein HEXIM2 Source.37: DFBPPR20599 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 Source.38: DFBPPR21276 ---- Animal proteins ---- DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11 Source.39: DFBPPR21533 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein 19 Source.40: DFBPPR22322 ---- Animal proteins ---- Testis-specific protein 10-interacting protein Source.41: DFBPPR8551 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aminopeptidase N Source.42: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.43: DFBPPR9592 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 1 Source.44: DFBPPR10492 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 1 Source.45: DFBPPR10655 ---- Animal proteins ---- DBH-like monooxygenase protein 1 Source.46: DFBPPR10752 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein ATP1B4 Source.47: DFBPPR11246 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2 Source.48: DFBPPR11632 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 1 Source.49: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.50: DFBPPR12434 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aminopeptidase N Source.51: DFBPPR12903 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 1 Source.52: DFBPPR14182 ---- Marine protein ---- N-lysine methyltransferase setd6 Source.53: DFBPPR14199 ---- Marine protein ---- Choline transporter-like protein 2 Source.54: DFBPPR14370 ---- Marine protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'' Source.55: DFBPPR15115 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Helicase SWR1 Source.56: DFBPPR15254 ---- Microorganism protein ---- D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase Source.57: DFBPPR15297 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Transcriptional activator HAP2
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antihypertensive activity

In vitro experiments	Dose (mg/kg)	SBP Decreases (Maximal)
SHR	10	18.9 ± 2.3 mmHg
Time	—	1 h

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Lactoferrin was hydrolyzed with porcine Pepsin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	The physiological digestion by the stomach and trypsin and brush edge peptidase was simulated, the peptide RPYL was partially hydrolyzed (about 65% of the initial concentration of the input peptide).
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	Non-Toxin
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

(1) The peptide could be applied as nutraceuticals in the context of health-promoting functional foods for the treatment of hypertension.
(2) Inhibition of angiotensin II-induced vasocontriction is suggested as a mechanism contributing along with ACE inhibition to the antihypertensive effect of some LF-derived peptides ^[1].
[3] RPYL reversed angiotensin I-induced hypertension and produced a modest reversion of angiotensin II-elicited hypertension^[2].

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI1035
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0277

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Ruiz-Giménez, P., Salom, J.B., Marcos, J.F., Vallés, S., Martínez-Maqueda, D., Recio, I., et al. Antihypertensive effect of a bovine lactoferrin pepsin hydrolysate: Identification of novel active peptides. Food Chem. 2012, 131, 266-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.076
Other literature(s)	[1] Fernandez-Musoles, R., et al., Antihypertensive Mechanism of Lactoferrin-Derived Peptides: Angiotensin Receptor Blocking Effect. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014. 62(1): p. 173-181. [2] Garcia-Tejedor, A., et al., In vivo antihypertensive mechanism of lactoferrin-derived peptides: Reversion of angiotensin I-and angiotensin II-induced hypertension in Wistar rats. Journal of Functional Foods, 2015. 15: p. 294-300. [3] Manzanares, P., et al., Unraveling the mechanisms of action of lactoferrin-derived antihypertensive peptides: ACE inhibition and beyond. Food Funct, 2015. 6(8): p. 2440-2452.
PubDate	2012