Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANHY0447(Antihypertensive peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANHY0447
Peptide sequence	VVPPA
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antihypertensive peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Ala

Single-letter amino acid

VVPPA

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	481.59 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

1.4000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Microalgae
Organism/Source	Chlorella vulgaris
Precursor protein	Chlorella vulgaris powder hydrolysates
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0939 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute MEL1 Source.2: DFBPPR1054 ---- Plant proteins ---- bZIP transcription factor 12 Source.3: DFBPPR1518 ---- Plant proteins ---- GATA transcription factor 15 Source.4: DFBPPR1567 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute PNH1 Source.5: DFBPPR2236 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 24 Source.6: DFBPPR3213 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 5 Source.7: DFBPPR3407 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit delta-2 Source.8: DFBPPR3408 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit delta-1 Source.9: DFBPPR3515 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit delta-4 Source.10: DFBPPR4351 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dehydrin Rab25 Source.11: DFBPPR4475 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 14 Source.12: DFBPPR4587 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 13 Source.13: DFBPPR4706 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubby-like protein 4 Source.14: DFBPPR5117 ---- Plant proteins ---- P24 oleosin isoform B Source.15: DFBPPR5412 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 1 Source.16: DFBPPR7414 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glyoxysomal fatty acid beta-oxidation multifunctional protein MFP-a Source.17: DFBPPR8421 ---- Plant proteins ---- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase B Source.18: DFBPPR16103 ---- Animal proteins ---- Laforin Source.19: DFBPPR19365 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inactive rhomboid protein 1 Source.20: DFBPPR21759 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D Source.21: DFBPPR9893 ---- Animal proteins ---- MICOS complex subunit MIC13 Source.22: DFBPPR10027 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D Source.23: DFBPPR12310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C Source.24: DFBPPR12991 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D Source.25: DFBPPR15519 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial genome maintenance protein MGM101
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antihypertensive activity	A single dose of the peptidic fraction from C. vulgaris (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced SBP to 49.9 mmHg at 1 hour, and this antihypertensive effect continued for 4 hours after administration, the ACE-inhibitor VVPPA was isolated from the hydrolysates, so the peptide can be a potential antihypertensive peptide.
Specific target protein(s)	N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Chlorella vulgaris powder was hydrolyzed with Pepsin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	Non-Toxin
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI1515
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0417

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Suetsuna K, Chen JR. Identification of antihypertensive peptides from peptic digest of two microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2001 Jul;3(4):305-9. PMID: 14961345 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-001-0012-7
Other literature(s)	[1] Garcia, M.C., et al., Vegetable foods: A cheap source of proteins and peptides with antihypertensive, antioxidant, and other less occurrence bioactivities. Talanta, 2013. 106: p. 328-349. [2] Hong, F., et al., The antihypertensive effect of peptides: a novel alternative to drugs? Peptides, 2008. 29(6): p. 1062-1071.
PubDate	2001