Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANHY0589(Antihypertensive peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANHY0589
Peptide sequence	YYRA
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antihypertensive peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Tyr-Arg-Ala

Single-letter amino acid

YYRA

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
571.67 Da	571.62 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

9.59 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-1.3250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

25%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Chicken bone extract
Precursor protein	Lactoglobulin heavy chain V region
Residue position	f(27-30)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0903 ---- Plant proteins ---- Shaggy-related protein kinase GSK2 Source.2: DFBPPR0961 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase Source.3: DFBPPR0999 ---- Plant proteins ---- Shaggy-related protein kinase GSK1 Source.4: DFBPPR1707 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable histidine kinase 2 Source.5: DFBPPR1741 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein E1 Source.6: DFBPPR1810 ---- Plant proteins ---- Shaggy-related protein kinase GSK4 Source.7: DFBPPR2108 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein E6 Source.8: DFBPPR2318 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable chromatin-remodeling complex ATPase chain Source.9: DFBPPR2512 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit Source.10: DFBPPR2848 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'' Source.11: DFBPPR2992 ---- Plant proteins ---- DnaJ protein ERDJ7 Source.12: DFBPPR3814 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 Source.13: DFBPPR5784 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit Source.14: DFBPPR5858 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'' Source.15: DFBPPR6785 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit Source.16: DFBPPR6839 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'' Source.17: DFBPPR7205 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'' Source.18: DFBPPR7225 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit Source.19: DFBPPR7461 ---- Plant proteins ---- Shaggy-related protein kinase theta Source.20: DFBPPR15979 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase NLK Source.21: DFBPPR16048 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(I) chain Source.22: DFBPPR16248 ---- Animal proteins ---- Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein homolog Source.23: DFBPPR17030 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endothelin-converting enzyme 1 Source.24: DFBPPR17360 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(I) chain Source.25: DFBPPR17440 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clathrin heavy chain 1 Source.26: DFBPPR18320 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase NLK Source.27: DFBPPR18809 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 5 Source.28: DFBPPR18878 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme Source.29: DFBPPR20284 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 3 Source.30: DFBPPR21587 ---- Animal proteins ---- Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein homolog Source.31: DFBPPR9981 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(I) chain Source.32: DFBPPR10120 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ephrin type-B receptor 2 Source.33: DFBPPR10160 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(I) chain Source.34: DFBPPR10241 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ephrin type-A receptor 7 Source.35: DFBPPR10523 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Source.36: DFBPPR11041 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 Source.37: DFBPPR11920 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 2 Source.38: DFBPPR13936 ---- Animal proteins ---- Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein homolog Source.39: DFBPPR13998 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8B Source.40: DFBPPR13999 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8A Source.41: DFBPPR14878 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase HOG1 Source.42: DFBPPR15021 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 Source.43: DFBPPR15512 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Vacuolar membrane-associated protein IML1 Source.44: DFBPPR7800 ---- Plant protein ---- ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit Source.45: DFBPPR7818 ---- Plant protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta''
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antihypertensive activity

The peptide YYRA, administered orally, have the ability to reduce the blood pressure of SHRs significantly over a short period of time (3 h). Moreover, the blood pressure then remains low for 3 h.

In vitro experiments	Dose (mg/kg)	SBP Decreases (Maximal)	DBP Decreases (Maximal)
SHR	10	20 mmHg	—
Time	—	3 h	—

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Chicken bone extract was hydrolyzed with pepsin for 6 h at 37°C.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	Non-Toxin
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The ACE inhibitory and antihypertensive peptides derived from chicken bone extract may contribute to develop physiologically functional foods or improve food functionality.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI1210
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0251

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Nakade, K., Kamishima, R., Inoue, Y., Ahhmed, A., Kawahara, S., Nakayama, T., et al. Identification of an antihypertensive peptide derived from chicken bone extract. Animal Science Journal. 2008, 79, 710-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00584.x
Other literature(s)	[1] Martinez-Maqueda, D., et al., Antihypertensive peptides from food proteins: a review. Food Funct, 2012. 3(4): p. 350-361.
PubDate	2008