Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANHY0996(Antihypertensive peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANHY0996
Peptide sequence	GLFF
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antihypertensive peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Renin-inhibitory activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Leu-Phe-Phe

Single-letter amino acid

GLFF

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
482.57 Da	482.57 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

2.2500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Moringa oleifera
Precursor protein	Moringa oleifera leaf protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ras-related protein Rab5A Source.2: DFBPPR1006 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 4 [UDP-forming] Source.3: DFBPPR1163 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cation-chloride cotransporter 1 Source.4: DFBPPR1362 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROS1C Source.5: DFBPPR1475 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamate receptor 3.1 Source.6: DFBPPR1535 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.7: DFBPPR1547 ---- Plant proteins ---- AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor CRL5 Source.8: DFBPPR1574 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 1, chloroplastic Source.9: DFBPPR1837 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-transporting ATPase 3, plasma membrane-type Source.10: DFBPPR1947 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-transporting ATPase 10, plasma membrane-type Source.11: DFBPPR1981 ---- Plant proteins ---- Signal peptide peptidase 2 Source.12: DFBPPR2195 ---- Plant proteins ---- Signal peptide peptidase 1 Source.13: DFBPPR2591 ---- Plant proteins ---- Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1 Source.14: DFBPPR2782 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thioredoxin reductase NTRA Source.15: DFBPPR2901 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thioredoxin reductase NTRB Source.16: DFBPPR2968 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin PIP2-7 Source.17: DFBPPR3247 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.18: DFBPPR3423 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 40 Source.19: DFBPPR3657 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL3 Source.20: DFBPPR3981 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sugar transport protein MST7 Source.21: DFBPPR4124 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ras-related protein RGP2 Source.22: DFBPPR4177 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 16 Source.23: DFBPPR4303 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 17 Source.24: DFBPPR4732 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 5 Source.25: DFBPPR5047 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.26: DFBPPR5416 ---- Plant proteins ---- Anthocyanin regulatory C1 protein Source.27: DFBPPR5441 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peroxidase 1 Source.28: DFBPPR5563 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.29: DFBPPR5648 ---- Plant proteins ---- AP-2 complex subunit sigma Source.30: DFBPPR5734 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nucleobase-ascorbate transporter LPE1 Source.31: DFBPPR5854 ---- Plant proteins ---- Retinoblastoma-related protein 3 Source.32: DFBPPR6274 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.33: DFBPPR6529 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein J Source.34: DFBPPR6696 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.35: DFBPPR7057 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pyrophosphate-energized vacuolar membrane proton pump Source.36: DFBPPR7065 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.37: DFBPPR7176 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase GV Source.38: DFBPPR15989 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 Source.39: DFBPPR16519 ---- Animal proteins ---- Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC8 Source.40: DFBPPR16659 ---- Animal proteins ---- Band 4.1-like protein 5 Source.41: DFBPPR17041 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C gamma type Source.42: DFBPPR17043 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C beta type Source.43: DFBPPR17304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endoplasmic reticulum membrane sensor NFE2L1 Source.44: DFBPPR17409 ---- Animal proteins ---- Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase Source.45: DFBPPR17413 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C alpha type Source.46: DFBPPR17455 ---- Animal proteins ---- Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase Source.47: DFBPPR17749 ---- Animal proteins ---- CD9 antigen Source.48: DFBPPR18142 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein CASC3 Source.49: DFBPPR18773 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM9 Source.50: DFBPPR19135 ---- Animal proteins ---- Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC5 Source.51: DFBPPR19187 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3 Source.52: DFBPPR19564 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 Source.53: DFBPPR20059 ---- Animal proteins ---- Band 4.1-like protein 5 Source.54: DFBPPR20294 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ion channel TACAN Source.55: DFBPPR20304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear envelope phosphatase-regulatory subunit 1 Source.56: DFBPPR20378 ---- Animal proteins ---- GPI mannosyltransferase 1 Source.57: DFBPPR20545 ---- Animal proteins ---- GPI mannosyltransferase 3 Source.58: DFBPPR20747 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7B Source.59: DFBPPR20890 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase Source.60: DFBPPR20915 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 Source.61: DFBPPR21562 ---- Animal proteins ---- COP9 signalosome complex subunit 6 Source.62: DFBPPR21678 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 35A Source.63: DFBPPR21915 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetraspanin-13 Source.64: DFBPPR22103 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine incorporator 2 Source.65: DFBPPR22299 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetraspanin-31 Source.66: DFBPPR22305 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 41A Source.67: DFBPPR22371 ---- Animal proteins ---- Saccharopine dehydrogenase-like oxidoreductase Source.68: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.69: DFBPPR9072 ---- Animal proteins ---- CD9 antigen Source.70: DFBPPR9290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 Source.71: DFBPPR9821 ---- Animal proteins ---- COP9 signalosome complex subunit 6 Source.72: DFBPPR11146 ---- Animal proteins ---- Formin Source.73: DFBPPR12211 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 180 Source.74: DFBPPR12275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 3 Source.75: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.76: DFBPPR12290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 2 Source.77: DFBPPR12292 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C gamma type Source.78: DFBPPR12301 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C beta type Source.79: DFBPPR12328 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C alpha type Source.80: DFBPPR12815 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 Source.81: DFBPPR13440 ---- Animal proteins ---- CSC1-like protein 1 Source.82: DFBPPR13762 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxylesterase 5A Source.83: DFBPPR14290 ---- Marine protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.84: DFBPPR14332 ---- Marine protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.85: DFBPPR15160 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Palmitoyltransferase PFA3 Source.86: DFBPPR15208 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Lon protease homolog 2, peroxisomal Source.87: DFBPPR15671 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Outer spore wall protein 5 Source.88: DFBPPR15753 ---- Microorganism protein ---- KNR4/SMI1 homolog Source.89: DFBPPR15820 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase Source.90: DFBPPR7772 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.91: DFBPPR7828 ---- Plant protein ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.92: DFBPPR7992 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.93: DFBPPR8044 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.94: DFBPPR8224 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antihypertensive activity

As shown in Figure 1, peptide GLFF significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure (18.2 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (13.8 mmHg) of SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats).

Figure 1. Changes in spontaneously hypertensive rat's blood pressure after the intravenous administration of LGF and GLFF; (A) SBP changes and (B) DBP changes, during 24 h in SHR and WKY rats.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N.D

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Moringa oleifera leaf protein was extracted and then hydrolyzed with Alcalase to produce the leaf protein hydrolysate.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	The peptide transmembrane transport experiments and simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments with GLFF showed that it can resist gastrointestinal digestion in a complete form.
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Bioactive peptides from Moringa oleifera leaf may possess the potential to be used for treating hypertension in humans.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI2222
[D2]	DFBPRENI0041
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0649

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Ma K, Wang Y, Wang M, Wang Z, Wang X, Ju X, He R. Antihypertensive activity of the ACE-renin inhibitory peptide derived from Moringa oleifera protein. Food Funct. 2021 Oct 4;12(19):8994-9006. PMID: 34382048 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01103k
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2021