Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANIP0006(Anxiolytic-like peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANIP0006
Peptide sequence	YLGYLEQLLR
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Anxiolytic-like activity peptide, α-Casozepine

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Anxiolytic-like activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antithrombotic activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Leu-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gln-Leu-Leu-Arg

Single-letter amino acid

YLGYLEQLLR

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	1267.47 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

6.83 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.0700^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk protein
Precursor protein	α_s1-Casein
Residue position	f(91-100)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR7688 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.2: DFBPPR7694 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.3: DFBPPR7717 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.4: DFBPPR8488 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Anxiolytic-like activity

α-Casozepine (4.4 mg/kg, equimolar with YLG 1.2 mg/kg) exhibited anxiolytic-like activity after per os (p.o.) administration.
The anxiolytic-like activity of α-casozepine is mediated by activation of the serotonin-5HT_1A, dopamine-D₁, and GABA-GABA_A receptor systems, which is consistent with those of YLG and YL.
α-Casozepine after pre os (p.o.) administration might be digested by YLG and YL in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, we found that orally administered YLG and α-casozepine as well as YL had anxiolytic-like activities.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	YLGYLEQLLR was isolated from tryptic digest of bovine α_s1-casein with YL sequence in the N-terminus.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	α-Casozepine after pre os (p.o.) administration might be digested by YLG and YL in the gastrointestinal tract.
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANTH0150
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0724

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Mizushige T, Sawashi Y, Yamada A, Kanamoto R, Ohinata K. Characterization of Tyr-Leu-Gly, a novel anxiolytic-like peptide released from bovine αS-casein. FASEB J. 2013 Jul;27(7):2911-7. PMID: 23580614 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-225474
Other literature(s)	[1] Kanegawa N, Suzuki C, Ohinata K. Dipeptide Tyr-Leu (YL) exhibits anxiolytic-like activity after oral administration via activating serotonin 5-HT1A, dopamine D1 and GABAA receptors in mice. FEBS Lett. 2010 Feb 5;584(3):599-604. [2] Benoit S, Chaumontet C, Schwarz J, et al. Mapping in mice the brain regions involved in the anxiolytic-like properties of α-casozepine, a tryptic peptide derived from bovine αs1-casein[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2017, 38:464-473.
PubDate	2013