Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANOX0016(Antioxidative peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANOX0016
Peptide sequence	LLPH
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antioxidative peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antioxidative activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Leu-Leu-Pro-His

Single-letter amino acid

LLPH

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	478.58 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

7.79 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.7000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Designed peptide
Organism/Source	Designed peptide
Precursor protein	Designed peptide based on the antioxidative peptide: LLPHH
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0915 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-4A Source.2: DFBPPR0916 ---- Plant proteins ---- Oryzalexin D synthase Source.3: DFBPPR1099 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-cassadiene C11-alpha-hydroxylase 1 Source.4: DFBPPR1212 ---- Plant proteins ---- 9-beta-pimara-7,15-diene oxidase Source.5: DFBPPR1259 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-carotene isomerase D27, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1375 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chloroplastic Source.7: DFBPPR1382 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 76M5 Source.8: DFBPPR1478 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 2 Source.9: DFBPPR1530 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-kaur-16-ene synthase, chloroplastic Source.10: DFBPPR1702 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 2 Source.11: DFBPPR2035 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 1 Source.12: DFBPPR2151 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 3 Source.13: DFBPPR2166 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor isoform 4G-1 Source.14: DFBPPR2304 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.15: DFBPPR2482 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable allantoinase Source.16: DFBPPR2543 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA topoisomerase 3-beta Source.17: DFBPPR2770 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.18: DFBPPR2881 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable protein NAP1 Source.19: DFBPPR3377 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 3 Source.20: DFBPPR3626 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl transferase 7 Source.21: DFBPPR3948 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable anion transporter 5, chloroplastic Source.22: DFBPPR4307 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl transferase 8 Source.23: DFBPPR4468 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein CRP1 homolog, chloroplastic Source.24: DFBPPR4811 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 55 Source.25: DFBPPR4975 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-conglycinin beta subunit 1 Source.26: DFBPPR4978 ---- Plant proteins ---- 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase Source.27: DFBPPR4990 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-conglycinin alpha' subunit Source.28: DFBPPR5025 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-conglycinin alpha subunit 1 Source.29: DFBPPR5035 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-conglycinin beta subunit 2 Source.30: DFBPPR5036 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-conglycinin alpha subunit 2 Source.31: DFBPPR5123 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.32: DFBPPR5128 ---- Plant proteins ---- Elongation factor Tu, chloroplastic Source.33: DFBPPR5256 ---- Plant proteins ---- Early nodulin-70 Source.34: DFBPPR5530 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.35: DFBPPR5533 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein CRP1, chloroplastic Source.36: DFBPPR5707 ---- Plant proteins ---- indole-2-monooxygenase Source.37: DFBPPR5708 ---- Plant proteins ---- 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one monooxygenase Source.38: DFBPPR5709 ---- Plant proteins ---- indolin-2-one monooxygenase Source.39: DFBPPR5768 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.40: DFBPPR5780 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 71C3 Source.41: DFBPPR5939 ---- Plant proteins ---- 15-cis-zeta-carotene isomerase, chloroplastic Source.42: DFBPPR6340 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.43: DFBPPR6470 ---- Plant proteins ---- Vicilin Source.44: DFBPPR6717 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CM3 Source.45: DFBPPR6772 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.46: DFBPPR6822 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.47: DFBPPR7105 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.48: DFBPPR7122 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.49: DFBPPR7425 ---- Plant proteins ---- Stearoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase, seed specific, chloroplastic Source.50: DFBPPR7443 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ferritin-1, chloroplastic Source.51: DFBPPR7621 ---- Milk proteins ---- Mucin-4 Source.52: DFBPPR8437 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase Source.53: DFBPPR8454 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.54: DFBPPR15966 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.55: DFBPPR16501 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 15 Source.56: DFBPPR16530 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.57: DFBPPR16561 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31 Source.58: DFBPPR17451 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.59: DFBPPR17596 ---- Animal proteins ---- [Pyruvate dehydrogenase [acetyl-transferring]]-phosphatase 1, mitochondrial Source.60: DFBPPR17767 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bifunctional peptidase and arginyl-hydroxylase JMJD5 Source.61: DFBPPR17880 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein A-IV Source.62: DFBPPR18028 ---- Animal proteins ---- Atlastin-1 Source.63: DFBPPR18040 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F Source.64: DFBPPR18245 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.65: DFBPPR18260 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.66: DFBPPR18304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.67: DFBPPR18698 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATPase GET3 Source.68: DFBPPR18790 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proto-oncogene vav Source.69: DFBPPR18802 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 B-type Source.70: DFBPPR19257 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly component 3 Source.71: DFBPPR19510 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transportin-1 Source.72: DFBPPR19767 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 15 Source.73: DFBPPR20534 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 Source.74: DFBPPR21044 ---- Animal proteins ---- Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 7 Source.75: DFBPPR21200 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAB6A-GEF complex partner protein 2 Source.76: DFBPPR21506 ---- Animal proteins ---- Origin recognition complex subunit 3 Source.77: DFBPPR21507 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nitric oxide-associated protein 1 Source.78: DFBPPR21568 ---- Animal proteins ---- FAST kinase domain-containing protein 4 Source.79: DFBPPR21951 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein ABHD11 Source.80: DFBPPR22094 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein MMS22-like Source.81: DFBPPR22152 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleolar protein 11 Source.82: DFBPPR22266 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vexin Source.83: DFBPPR22389 ---- Animal proteins ---- Quinone oxidoreductase-like protein 1 Source.84: DFBPPR22432 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM124B Source.85: DFBPPR22572 ---- Animal proteins ---- Maestro heat-like repeat-containing protein family member 1 Source.86: DFBPPR22707 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM160B1 Source.87: DFBPPR8751 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.88: DFBPPR8809 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase Source.89: DFBPPR8813 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein A-IV Source.90: DFBPPR8839 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.91: DFBPPR9277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 C-type Source.92: DFBPPR9463 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 Source.93: DFBPPR9522 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.94: DFBPPR9527 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 Source.95: DFBPPR9727 ---- Animal proteins ---- FAST kinase domain-containing protein 4 Source.96: DFBPPR10084 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 B-type Source.97: DFBPPR10401 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heparanase Source.98: DFBPPR10807 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dystrophin Source.99: DFBPPR10959 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 A-type Source.100: DFBPPR10961 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 C-type Source.101: DFBPPR10965 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 X-type Source.102: DFBPPR11146 ---- Animal proteins ---- Formin Source.103: DFBPPR11221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger homeobox protein 4 Source.104: DFBPPR11222 ---- Animal proteins ---- FACT complex subunit SSRP1 Source.105: DFBPPR11420 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 Source.106: DFBPPR11551 ---- Animal proteins ---- Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial Source.107: DFBPPR11746 ---- Animal proteins ---- EEF1A lysine methyltransferase 1 Source.108: DFBPPR11809 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor RalGPS1 Source.109: DFBPPR11984 ---- Animal proteins ---- SET and MYND domain-containing protein 4 Source.110: DFBPPR12092 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein MMS22-like Source.111: DFBPPR12214 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleolar protein 11 Source.112: DFBPPR12286 ---- Animal proteins ---- Helicase-like transcription factor Source.113: DFBPPR12355 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.114: DFBPPR12618 ---- Animal proteins ---- Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF3 Source.115: DFBPPR12619 ---- Animal proteins ---- Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF3 Source.116: DFBPPR12750 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anion exchange protein 2 Source.117: DFBPPR12834 ---- Animal proteins ---- B1 bradykinin receptor Source.118: DFBPPR12905 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.119: DFBPPR12925 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methylmalonic aciduria type A homolog, mitochondrial Source.120: DFBPPR13023 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongator complex protein 1 Source.121: DFBPPR13341 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.122: DFBPPR13492 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.123: DFBPPR13591 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.124: DFBPPR13825 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.125: DFBPPR14293 ---- Marine protein ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.126: DFBPPR14333 ---- Marine protein ---- Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase Source.127: DFBPPR14912 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Heat shock factor protein Source.128: DFBPPR14919 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Transcription elongation factor SPT4 Source.129: DFBPPR14924 ---- Microorganism protein ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR1 Source.130: DFBPPR15279 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Nuclear fusion protein KAR5 Source.131: DFBPPR0003 ---- Plant protein ---- Conglutin beta 2 Source.132: DFBPPR0009 ---- Plant protein ---- Conglutin beta 1 Source.133: DFBPPR7793 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.134: DFBPPR7821 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.135: DFBPPR7960 ---- Plant protein ---- Vicilin Source.136: DFBPPR8034 ---- Plant protein ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 1 Source.137: DFBPPR8059 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.138: DFBPPR8237 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.139: DFBPPR8283 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antioxidative activity

The peptide LLPH was designed based on an antioxidative peptide (Leu-Leu-Pro-His-His) derived from proteolytic digests of a soybean protein. It showed very weak antioxidative activity, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Synergistic Effects of Synthetic Peptides on the Antioxidative Activity of Nonpeptidic Antioxidants ^a
	Antioxidative activity
	peptide	+BHA	+BHT	+tocopherol
Antioxidant
	1.0
BHA		2.4
BHT			1.9
tocopherol				1.3
Synthetic Peptide
HPLH	0.6	13.1 (4.4)	5.7 (2.3)	7.2 (3.8)
HHLP	0.9	16.1 (4.9)	5.7 (2.0)	9.4 (4.3)
HL	0.9	7.4 (2.2)	3.2 (1.1)	3.9 (1.8)
HLPH	1.2	9.3 (2.6)	3.4 (1.1)	3.9 (1.8)
LLPH	1.2	2.5 (0.7)	1.4 (0.5)	0.9 (0.4)
PLHH	1.6	10.3 (2.6)	6.9 (2.0)	10.1 (3.5)
HPHL	1.6	14.3 (3.6)	6.2 (1.8)	10.1 (3.5)
HH	2.3	13.6 (2.9)	5.9 (1.4)	8.2 (2.3)
LLHH	2.4	14.0 (2.9)	6.5 (1.5)	9.1 (2.5)
HHPLL	2.6	14.2 (2.8)	5.7 (1.3)	9.2 (2.4)
HLHP	2.7	11.9 (2.3)	4.5 (1.0)	6.4 (1.6)
LPHH	2.7	11.4 (2.2)	6.2 (1.3)	7.6 (1.9)
HHPL	2.9	14.2 (2.7)	6.4 (1.3)	8.1 (1.9)
LHPH	2.9	15.0 (2.8)	6.3 (1.3)	9.8 (2.3)
LH	3.0	12.1 (2.2)	6.1 (1.2)	9.2 (2.1)
LLPHH	3.0	9.3 (1.7)	4.8 (1.0)	3.1 (0.7)
HLH	3.2	14.0 (2.5)	4.3 (0.8)	6.5 (1.4)
LLPHHH	3.3	12.4 (2.2)	5.8 (1.1)	5.1 (1.1)
LHH	3.8	14.0 (2.3)	6.3 (1.1)	8.9 (1.7)
PHH	5.8	16.4 (2.0)	6.6 (0.9)	9.4 (1.3)
^a Antioxidative activity was evaluated by the ferric thiocyanate method. The assay was performed with 40 μM peptides, 100 μM BHA and BHT, and 10 μM tocopherol. The number in parentheses is the magnitude of synergistic effect: (activity of peptide + antioxidant) / (activity of peptide) + (activity of antioxidant). Data represent the mean of three replications.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Chemical synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Peptides were prepared by the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-strategy using a simultaneous multiple peptide synthesizer (model PSSM-8, Shimadzu).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Matoba N, Yamada Y, Yoshikawa M. Design of a genetically modified soybean protein preventing hypertension based on an anti-hypertensive peptide derived from ovalbumin. Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents. 2003 Jun;1(2):197-202. PMID: 15320699 DOI: 10.2174/1568016033477496
Other literature(s)	[1] Tsuge N, Eikawa Y, Nomura Y, et al. Antioxidative Activity of Peptides Prepared by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Egg-white Albumin.[J]. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi, 1991, 65(11):1635-1641. [2] Chen, H.M., et al., Antioxidative properties of histidine-containing peptides designed from peptide fragments found in the digests of a soybean protein. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998. 46(1): p. 49-53. [3] Chen H M, Muramoto K, Yamauchi F. Structural Analysis of Antioxidative Peptides from Soybean. beta.-Conglycinin[J]. J.agric.food Chem, 1995, 43(3):574-578.
PubDate	2003