Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANOX0024(Antioxidative peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANOX0024
Peptide sequence	LLHH
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antioxidative peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antioxidative activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Leu-Leu-His-His

Single-letter amino acid

LLHH

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	518.61 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

7.95 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.3000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Designed peptide
Organism/Source	Designed peptide
Precursor protein	Designed peptide based on the antioxidative peptide: LLPHH
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0954 ---- Plant proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase MSP1 Source.2: DFBPPR0991 ---- Plant proteins ---- Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 185 Source.3: DFBPPR1306 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two pore calcium channel protein 1 Source.4: DFBPPR1316 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tryptophan aminotransferase-related protein 2 Source.5: DFBPPR1386 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor LATE FLOWERING Source.6: DFBPPR1812 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable beta-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX9 Source.7: DFBPPR2054 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 10 Source.8: DFBPPR3002 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HOX20 Source.9: DFBPPR3097 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 48 Source.10: DFBPPR3154 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 7 Source.11: DFBPPR3248 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 16 Source.12: DFBPPR3448 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 22 Source.13: DFBPPR3474 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 76 Source.14: DFBPPR4086 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 5 Source.15: DFBPPR4307 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl transferase 8 Source.16: DFBPPR4443 ---- Plant proteins ---- Magnesium transporter MRS2-B Source.17: DFBPPR4472 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 15 Source.18: DFBPPR5273 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 98A2 Source.19: DFBPPR5889 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox protein rough sheath 1 Source.20: DFBPPR6637 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 1 Source.21: DFBPPR6670 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two pore calcium channel protein 1 Source.22: DFBPPR6695 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 2 Source.23: DFBPPR7117 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two pore calcium channel protein 1 Source.24: DFBPPR16368 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosinase Source.25: DFBPPR16583 ---- Animal proteins ---- Taste receptor type 1 member 3 Source.26: DFBPPR16959 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.27: DFBPPR17289 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 Source.28: DFBPPR17516 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 21-hydroxylase Source.29: DFBPPR17544 ---- Animal proteins ---- Stromal interaction molecule 1 Source.30: DFBPPR17980 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase haspin Source.31: DFBPPR18382 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial Source.32: DFBPPR18491 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cell division cycle 5-like protein Source.33: DFBPPR18819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome activator complex subunit 4 Source.34: DFBPPR18844 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha Source.35: DFBPPR18933 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-12 subunit alpha Source.36: DFBPPR19562 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquinone biosynthesis monooxygenase COQ6, mitochondrial Source.37: DFBPPR20329 ---- Animal proteins ---- Meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1 Source.38: DFBPPR20419 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 52, riboflavin transporter, member 3 Source.39: DFBPPR20469 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein Pegasus Source.40: DFBPPR21172 ---- Animal proteins ---- G-protein coupled receptor 52 Source.41: DFBPPR21552 ---- Animal proteins ---- SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein 3 Source.42: DFBPPR21937 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 2 Source.43: DFBPPR22621 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 72 Source.44: DFBPPR22707 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM160B1 Source.45: DFBPPR8719 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prelamin-A/C Source.46: DFBPPR9062 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methylsterol monooxygenase 1 Source.47: DFBPPR9163 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial Source.48: DFBPPR9196 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 21-hydroxylase Source.49: DFBPPR9513 ---- Animal proteins ---- Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3 Source.50: DFBPPR10475 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylate cyclase type 9 Source.51: DFBPPR10480 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin D Source.52: DFBPPR10589 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha Source.53: DFBPPR10767 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Source.54: DFBPPR10867 ---- Animal proteins ---- 7-methylguanosine phosphate-specific 5'-nucleotidase Source.55: DFBPPR10869 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal oxygenase 1 Source.56: DFBPPR10971 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5' exonuclease Apollo Source.57: DFBPPR11271 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protection of telomeres protein 1 Source.58: DFBPPR11284 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methylsterol monooxygenase 1 Source.59: DFBPPR11492 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10 Source.60: DFBPPR11637 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase JMJD4 Source.61: DFBPPR11650 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein Pegasus Source.62: DFBPPR11705 ---- Animal proteins ---- SCO-spondin Source.63: DFBPPR11770 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein fem-1 homolog B Source.64: DFBPPR11781 ---- Animal proteins ---- Embryonic pepsinogen Source.65: DFBPPR11817 ---- Animal proteins ---- Meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1 Source.66: DFBPPR12279 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform Source.67: DFBPPR12717 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform Source.68: DFBPPR12740 ---- Animal proteins ---- Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 Source.69: DFBPPR12907 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 Source.70: DFBPPR13429 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.71: DFBPPR13506 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-12 subunit alpha Source.72: DFBPPR13547 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-12 subunit alpha Source.73: DFBPPR13553 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.74: DFBPPR13754 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial Source.75: DFBPPR14892 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-4 specific Source.76: DFBPPR15022 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pyruvate decarboxylase Source.77: DFBPPR15476 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial inner membrane i-AAA protease complex subunit MGR1 Source.78: DFBPPR15581 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Maintenance of telomere capping protein 6 Source.79: DFBPPR7862 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome P450 98A1 Source.80: DFBPPR8185 ---- Plant protein ---- Uncharacterized basic polypeptide
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antioxidative activity

The peptide LLHH was designed based on an antioxidative peptide (Leu-Leu-Pro-His-His) derived from proteolytic digests of a soybean protein. It showed potent antioxidative activity, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Synergistic Effects of Synthetic Peptides on the Antioxidative Activity of Nonpeptidic Antioxidants ^a
	Antioxidative activity
	peptide	+BHA	+BHT	+tocopherol
Antioxidant
	1.0
BHA		2.4
BHT			1.9
tocopherol				1.3
Synthetic Peptide
HPLH	0.6	13.1 (4.4)	5.7 (2.3)	7.2 (3.8)
HHLP	0.9	16.1 (4.9)	5.7 (2.0)	9.4 (4.3)
HL	0.9	7.4 (2.2)	3.2 (1.1)	3.9 (1.8)
HLPH	1.2	9.3 (2.6)	3.4 (1.1)	3.9 (1.8)
LLPH	1.2	2.5 (0.7)	1.4 (0.5)	0.9 (0.4)
PLHH	1.6	10.3 (2.6)	6.9 (2.0)	10.1 (3.5)
HPHL	1.6	14.3 (3.6)	6.2 (1.8)	10.1 (3.5)
HH	2.3	13.6 (2.9)	5.9 (1.4)	8.2 (2.3)
LLHH	2.4	14.0 (2.9)	6.5 (1.5)	9.1 (2.5)
HHPLL	2.6	14.2 (2.8)	5.7 (1.3)	9.2 (2.4)
HLHP	2.7	11.9 (2.3)	4.5 (1.0)	6.4 (1.6)
LPHH	2.7	11.4 (2.2)	6.2 (1.3)	7.6 (1.9)
HHPL	2.9	14.2 (2.7)	6.4 (1.3)	8.1 (1.9)
LHPH	2.9	15.0 (2.8)	6.3 (1.3)	9.8 (2.3)
LH	3.0	12.1 (2.2)	6.1 (1.2)	9.2 (2.1)
LLPHH	3.0	9.3 (1.7)	4.8 (1.0)	3.1 (0.7)
HLH	3.2	14.0 (2.5)	4.3 (0.8)	6.5 (1.4)
LLPHHH	3.3	12.4 (2.2)	5.8 (1.1)	5.1 (1.1)
LHH	3.8	14.0 (2.3)	6.3 (1.1)	8.9 (1.7)
PHH	5.8	16.4 (2.0)	6.6 (0.9)	9.4 (1.3)
^a Antioxidative activity was evaluated by the ferric thiocyanate method. The assay was performed with 40 μM peptides, 100 μM BHA and BHT, and 10 μM tocopherol. The number in parentheses is the magnitude of synergistic effect: (activity of peptide + antioxidant) / (activity of peptide) + (activity of antioxidant). Data represent the mean of three replications.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Chemical synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Peptides were prepared by the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-strategy using a simultaneous multiple peptide synthesizer (model PSSM-8, Shimadzu).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Matoba N, Yamada Y, Yoshikawa M. Design of a genetically modified soybean protein preventing hypertension based on an anti-hypertensive peptide derived from ovalbumin. Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents. 2003 Jun;1(2):197-202. PMID: 15320699 DOI: 10.2174/1568016033477496
Other literature(s)	[1] Tsuge N, Eikawa Y, Nomura Y, et al. Antioxidative Activity of Peptides Prepared by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Egg-white Albumin.[J]. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi, 1991, 65(11):1635-1641. [2] Chen, H.M., et al., Antioxidative properties of histidine-containing peptides designed from peptide fragments found in the digests of a soybean protein. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998. 46(1): p. 49-53. [3] Chen H M, Muramoto K, Yamauchi F. Structural Analysis of Antioxidative Peptides from Soybean. beta.-Conglycinin[J]. J.agric.food Chem, 1995, 43(3):574-578.
PubDate	2003