Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANOX0211(Antioxidative peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANOX0211
Peptide sequence	LDQW
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antioxidative peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antioxidative activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Leu-Asp-Gln-Trp

Single-letter amino acid

LDQW

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
561.27 Da	560.60 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.13 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-1.0250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine whey protein
Precursor protein	α-Lactalbumin
Residue position	f(115-118)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1677 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic Source.2: DFBPPR6307 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phytochrome-associated serine/threonine-protein phosphatase Source.3: DFBPPR7685 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.4: DFBPPR7697 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.5: DFBPPR7702 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin (Lactose synthase B protein) Source.6: DFBPPR7703 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin (Lactose synthase B protein) Source.7: DFBPPR7711 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.8: DFBPPR8490 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.9: DFBPPR16033 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN Source.10: DFBPPR16213 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor subunit alpha Source.11: DFBPPR16511 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuropeptide Y receptor type 5 Source.12: DFBPPR17073 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform Source.13: DFBPPR17658 ---- Animal proteins ---- 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4 Source.14: DFBPPR17919 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform Source.15: DFBPPR17987 ---- Animal proteins ---- DCN1-like protein 3 Source.16: DFBPPR19184 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein Source.17: DFBPPR19845 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-soluble NSF attachment protein Source.18: DFBPPR20639 ---- Animal proteins ---- NmrA-like family domain-containing protein 1 Source.19: DFBPPR20674 ---- Animal proteins ---- Stromal membrane-associated protein 2 Source.20: DFBPPR20827 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 13 Source.21: DFBPPR21539 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 9 Source.22: DFBPPR21937 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 2 Source.23: DFBPPR22558 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 187 Source.24: DFBPPR8987 ---- Animal proteins ---- 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4 Source.25: DFBPPR9393 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuropeptide Y receptor type 5 Source.26: DFBPPR10220 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paxillin Source.27: DFBPPR10433 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform Source.28: DFBPPR10649 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor subunit alpha Source.29: DFBPPR11295 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone H2A deubiquitinase MYSM1 Source.30: DFBPPR11830 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 13 Source.31: DFBPPR11963 ---- Animal proteins ---- Stromal membrane-associated protein 2 Source.32: DFBPPR12091 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurofibromin Source.33: DFBPPR12534 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform Source.34: DFBPPR12629 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform Source.35: DFBPPR15631 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing factor RSE1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antioxidative activity

Peptide LDQW exhibited strong ABTS⁺ free radical scavenging activity with the IC₅₀ value of 0.6 μM and it was 4- to 5-fold lower than of gallic acid and 10-fold lower than of Trolox, as shown in table 1.

Table 1 Values of IC₅₀, determined by the ABTS⁺ method, of antioxidative peptides of α-lactalbumin, either purified by RP-HPLC or synthesized.
Peptide	Intermediate or final product	Aromatic residue(s)	IC₅₀ (μM)
YDTQA	Final	Tyr³⁶	6.2 ^a
ICN-s-s-IMC	Final	-	n.d. ^b
INY	Final	Tyr¹⁰³	8.0
LDQW	Final	Trp¹¹⁸	0.6
INYW	Intermediate	Tyr¹⁰³ + Trp¹⁰⁴	0.5
VSLPEW	Final	Trp²⁶	7.9

^a Determined with the synthetic peptide YDTQA.
^b n.d. = not determined.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Bovine whey protein, α-lactalbumin was hydrolyzed with thermolysin at 70 ℃.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The peptide LDQW and INYW have been identified as possessing a remarkable scavenging power toward the stable ABTS⁺ radical, mainly attributed to (i) their short chain length, (ii) the presence of Trp at their carboxy-terminal extremity, and (iii) the presence of specific short sequences such as YW and probably LD that seemed to have a strong radical-scavenging power.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Sadat, L., Cakir-Kiefer, C., N’Negue, M.-A., Gaillard, J.-L., Girardet, J.-M., Miclo, L. Isolation and identification of antioxidative peptides from bovine α-lactalbumin. International Dairy Journal. 2011, 21, 214-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.11.011
Other literature(s)	No data
PubDate	2011