Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANOX0212(Antioxidative peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANOX0212
Peptide sequence	INYW
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antioxidative peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antioxidative activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ile-Asn-Tyr-Trp

Single-letter amino acid

INYW

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
595.29 Da	594.66 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.3000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine whey protein
Precursor protein	α-Lactalbumin
Residue position	f(101-104)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1666 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine--tRNA ligase CPS1 homolog, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.2: DFBPPR4469 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 11 Source.3: DFBPPR5462 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine--tRNA ligase CPS1, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.4: DFBPPR7685 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.5: DFBPPR7697 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.6: DFBPPR7711 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.7: DFBPPR8490 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.8: DFBPPR21781 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 1 Source.9: DFBPPR12111 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 1 Source.10: DFBPPR14460 ---- Marine protein ---- Probable 30S ribosomal protein 3, chloroplastic Source.11: DFBPPR14992 ---- Microorganism protein ---- DNA repair protein RAD5 Source.12: DFBPPR15011 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Cytochrome b Source.13: DFBPPR15341 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antioxidative activity

Peptide INYW exhibited strong ABTS⁺ free radical scavenging activity with the IC₅₀ value of 0.5 μM and it was 4- to 5-fold lower than of gallic acid and 10-fold lower than of Trolox, as shown in table 1.

Table 1 Values of IC₅₀, determined by the ABTS⁺ method, of antioxidative peptides of α-lactalbumin, either purified by RP-HPLC or synthesized.
Peptide	Intermediate or final product	Aromatic residue(s)	IC₅₀ (μM)
YDTQA	Final	Tyr³⁶	6.2 ^a
ICN-s-s-IMC	Final	-	n.d. ^b
INY	Final	Tyr¹⁰³	8.0
LDQW	Final	Trp¹¹⁸	0.6
INYW	Intermediate	Tyr¹⁰³ + Trp¹⁰⁴	0.5
VSLPEW	Final	Trp²⁶	7.9

^a Determined with the synthetic peptide YDTQA.
^b n.d. = not determined.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Bovine whey protein, α-lactalbumin was hydrolyzed with thermolysin at 70 ℃.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The peptide LDQW and INYW have been identified as possessing a remarkable scavenging power toward the stable ABTS⁺ radical, mainly attributed to (i) their short chain length, (ii) the presence of Trp at their carboxy-terminal extremity, and (iii) the presence of specific short sequences such as YW and probably LD that seemed to have a strong radical-scavenging power.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Sadat, L., Cakir-Kiefer, C., N’Negue, M.-A., Gaillard, J.-L., Girardet, J.-M., Miclo, L. Isolation and identification of antioxidative peptides from bovine α-lactalbumin. International Dairy Journal. 2011, 21, 214-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.11.011
Other literature(s)	No data
PubDate	2011