Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANOX0311(Antioxidative peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANOX0311
Peptide sequence	VVKL
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antioxidative peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antioxidative activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Val-Val-Lys-Leu

Single-letter amino acid

VVKL

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	457.61 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

10.04 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

2.0750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal, Fish, Marine
Organism/Source	Bonito
Precursor protein	Dried bonito muscle
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0905 ---- Plant proteins ---- Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase Source.2: DFBPPR0925 ---- Plant proteins ---- Hexokinase-6 Source.3: DFBPPR0939 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute MEL1 Source.4: DFBPPR0965 ---- Plant proteins ---- Abscisic acid receptor PYL9 Source.5: DFBPPR0967 ---- Plant proteins ---- Receptor kinase-like protein Xa21 Source.6: DFBPPR1066 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor A-2c Source.7: DFBPPR1280 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor A-2a Source.8: DFBPPR1422 ---- Plant proteins ---- Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit C Source.9: DFBPPR1466 ---- Plant proteins ---- Hexokinase-1 Source.10: DFBPPR1509 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor A-2d Source.11: DFBPPR1538 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor A-2e Source.12: DFBPPR1624 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 9, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.13: DFBPPR1668 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor A-2b Source.14: DFBPPR1903 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable apyrase 3 Source.15: DFBPPR1904 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alanine--tRNA ligase, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.16: DFBPPR1965 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA polymerase I B, mitochondrial Source.17: DFBPPR2007 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plasma membrane ATPase Source.18: DFBPPR2043 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase E-1 Source.19: DFBPPR2245 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A26 Source.20: DFBPPR2273 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 6 Source.21: DFBPPR2281 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytokinin dehydrogenase 8 Source.22: DFBPPR2299 ---- Plant proteins ---- Metal tolerance protein 3 Source.23: DFBPPR2336 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 Source.24: DFBPPR2350 ---- Plant proteins ---- Metal tolerance protein 4 Source.25: DFBPPR2354 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thioredoxin-like protein CDSP32, chloroplastic Source.26: DFBPPR2369 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-UB Source.27: DFBPPR2470 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein disulfide isomerase-like 2-2 Source.28: DFBPPR2783 ---- Plant proteins ---- tRNA (guanine-N(7)-)-methyltransferase Source.29: DFBPPR2856 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta Source.30: DFBPPR3445 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR Source.31: DFBPPR3493 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 20 Source.32: DFBPPR3580 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosome biogenesis protein BOP1 homolog Source.33: DFBPPR3890 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plant intracellular Ras-group-related LRR protein 5 Source.34: DFBPPR3953 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 16 Source.35: DFBPPR4023 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat-containing protein NPR4 Source.36: DFBPPR4587 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 13 Source.37: DFBPPR4635 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 43 Source.38: DFBPPR4719 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 50 Source.39: DFBPPR4771 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative AP2/ERF and B3 domain-containing protein Os01g0140700 Source.40: DFBPPR4839 ---- Plant proteins ---- Flowering-promoting factor 1-like protein 2 Source.41: DFBPPR4858 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os12g0591400 Source.42: DFBPPR4929 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA polymerase I A, chloroplastic Source.43: DFBPPR5075 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit Source.44: DFBPPR5160 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-glycosyltransferase 708D1 Source.45: DFBPPR5440 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase MOCS3-1 Source.46: DFBPPR5459 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase MOCS3-2 Source.47: DFBPPR5553 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein ATP4, chloroplastic Source.48: DFBPPR5594 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2 Source.49: DFBPPR5778 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA mismatch repair protein MSH2 Source.50: DFBPPR6261 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein translocase subunit SecA, chloroplastic Source.51: DFBPPR6359 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP synthase delta chain, chloroplastic Source.52: DFBPPR6673 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha-amylase inhibitor 0.19 Source.53: DFBPPR6731 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plasma membrane ATPase Source.54: DFBPPR6737 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha-amylase inhibitor 0.53 Source.55: DFBPPR7019 ---- Plant proteins ---- 2'-deoxymugineic-acid 2'-dioxygenase Source.56: DFBPPR7049 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1-Cys peroxiredoxin PER1 Source.57: DFBPPR7163 ---- Plant proteins ---- Xylose isomerase Source.58: DFBPPR7611 ---- Milk proteins ---- Clusterin Source.59: DFBPPR8459 ---- Plant proteins ---- Carbon catabolite-derepressing protein kinase Source.60: DFBPPR15951 ---- Animal proteins ---- cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha Source.61: DFBPPR15972 ---- Animal proteins ---- Catenin beta-1 Source.62: DFBPPR16072 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clusterin Source.63: DFBPPR16147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Telomerase reverse transcriptase Source.64: DFBPPR16181 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A Source.65: DFBPPR16219 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha Source.66: DFBPPR16289 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta Source.67: DFBPPR16533 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenosine receptor A3 Source.68: DFBPPR16705 ---- Animal proteins ---- G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 Source.69: DFBPPR16754 ---- Animal proteins ---- Melanoma-associated antigen B10 Source.70: DFBPPR16764 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial Source.71: DFBPPR16795 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-3 complex subunit delta-1 Source.72: DFBPPR16860 ---- Animal proteins ---- cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha Source.73: DFBPPR16874 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-like receptor 2 Source.74: DFBPPR16967 ---- Animal proteins ---- cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta Source.75: DFBPPR17024 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter Source.76: DFBPPR17029 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome b-245 light chain Source.77: DFBPPR17296 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynamin-2 Source.78: DFBPPR17368 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 Source.79: DFBPPR17403 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-degrading enzyme Source.80: DFBPPR17445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 Source.81: DFBPPR17515 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5'-nucleotidase Source.82: DFBPPR18060 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2',5'-phosphodiesterase 12 Source.83: DFBPPR18085 ---- Animal proteins ---- Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 Source.84: DFBPPR18276 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 2 Source.85: DFBPPR18436 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 H Source.86: DFBPPR18712 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial Source.87: DFBPPR18741 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coatomer subunit beta' Source.88: DFBPPR18763 ---- Animal proteins ---- UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Source.89: DFBPPR18813 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3, mitochondrial Source.90: DFBPPR18967 ---- Animal proteins ---- Krev interaction trapped protein 1 Source.91: DFBPPR19006 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thymidine kinase, cytosolic Source.92: DFBPPR19198 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cadherin-3 Source.93: DFBPPR19289 ---- Animal proteins ---- Somatostatin receptor type 5 Source.94: DFBPPR19306 ---- Animal proteins ---- Splicing factor 3A subunit 1 Source.95: DFBPPR19340 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator Source.96: DFBPPR19410 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F Source.97: DFBPPR19462 ---- Animal proteins ---- Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Source.98: DFBPPR19465 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-acetylneuraminate lyase Source.99: DFBPPR19572 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pentatricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein 3, mitochondrial Source.100: DFBPPR19828 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 14C Source.101: DFBPPR20447 ---- Animal proteins ---- BTB/POZ domain-containing adapter for CUL3-mediated RhoA degradation protein 1 Source.102: DFBPPR20559 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tricarboxylate transport protein, mitochondrial Source.103: DFBPPR20729 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L6 Source.104: DFBPPR20850 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylsulfatase K Source.105: DFBPPR21095 ---- Animal proteins ---- 28S ribosomal protein S33, mitochondrial Source.106: DFBPPR21126 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methionine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial Source.107: DFBPPR21175 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenosine receptor A3 Source.108: DFBPPR21370 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipase maturation factor 2 Source.109: DFBPPR21384 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor Sp2 Source.110: DFBPPR21720 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein Source.111: DFBPPR21781 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 1 Source.112: DFBPPR21792 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L19, mitochondrial Source.113: DFBPPR22100 ---- Animal proteins ---- Centromere protein M Source.114: DFBPPR22294 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubinuclein-2 Source.115: DFBPPR22443 ---- Animal proteins ---- Stromal cell-derived factor 2 Source.116: DFBPPR22633 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 270 Source.117: DFBPPR22639 ---- Animal proteins ---- UPF0235 protein C15orf40 homolog Source.118: DFBPPR22645 ---- Animal proteins ---- UPF0602 protein C4orf47 homolog Source.119: DFBPPR22647 ---- Animal proteins ---- IQ domain-containing protein F2 Source.120: DFBPPR22649 ---- Animal proteins ---- IQ domain-containing protein F5 Source.121: DFBPPR8534 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4 Source.122: DFBPPR8651 ---- Animal proteins ---- cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha Source.123: DFBPPR8665 ---- Animal proteins ---- cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta Source.124: DFBPPR8726 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine-protein kinase ATM Source.125: DFBPPR8734 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clusterin Source.126: DFBPPR9084 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-acetylneuraminate lyase Source.127: DFBPPR9090 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial Source.128: DFBPPR9120 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L6 Source.129: DFBPPR9211 ---- Animal proteins ---- Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Source.130: DFBPPR9270 ---- Animal proteins ---- Complement C1s subcomponent Source.131: DFBPPR9425 ---- Animal proteins ---- UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Source.132: DFBPPR9509 ---- Animal proteins ---- Unconventional myosin-VIIa Source.133: DFBPPR10174 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 Source.134: DFBPPR10177 ---- Animal proteins ---- Talin-1 Source.135: DFBPPR10229 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase adapter protein 1 Source.136: DFBPPR10297 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vitellogenin-2 Source.137: DFBPPR10321 ---- Animal proteins ---- ADP-ribose glycohydrolase ARH3 Source.138: DFBPPR10483 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger protein Source.139: DFBPPR10618 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 Source.140: DFBPPR10700 ---- Animal proteins ---- BTB/POZ domain-containing adapter for CUL3-mediated RhoA degradation protein 2 Source.141: DFBPPR10812 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cadherin-11 Source.142: DFBPPR10819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 Source.143: DFBPPR10822 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 alpha Source.144: DFBPPR11055 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thymidine kinase, cytosolic Source.145: DFBPPR11163 ---- Animal proteins ---- TSC22 domain family protein 1 Source.146: DFBPPR11411 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein ubi-d4 Source.147: DFBPPR11472 ---- Animal proteins ---- Regulator of G-protein signaling 9-binding protein Source.148: DFBPPR11566 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cysteine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic Source.149: DFBPPR11697 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-alpha-acetyltransferase 35, NatC auxiliary subunit Source.150: DFBPPR11770 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein fem-1 homolog B Source.151: DFBPPR11780 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B Source.152: DFBPPR12020 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipase maturation factor 2 Source.153: DFBPPR12174 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein CNPPD1 Source.154: DFBPPR12175 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ashwin Source.155: DFBPPR12262 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4 Source.156: DFBPPR12275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 3 Source.157: DFBPPR12279 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform Source.158: DFBPPR12389 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clusterin Source.159: DFBPPR12464 ---- Animal proteins ---- Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Source.160: DFBPPR12592 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta Source.161: DFBPPR12717 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform Source.162: DFBPPR12769 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short transient receptor potential channel 5 Source.163: DFBPPR12773 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator Source.164: DFBPPR12887 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amine sulfotransferase Source.165: DFBPPR12907 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 Source.166: DFBPPR12972 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter Source.167: DFBPPR12976 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 Source.168: DFBPPR13174 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clusterin Source.169: DFBPPR13182 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor II Source.170: DFBPPR13191 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 Source.171: DFBPPR13425 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-like receptor 2 Source.172: DFBPPR13562 ---- Animal proteins ---- cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha Source.173: DFBPPR13596 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-like receptor 2 Source.174: DFBPPR13629 ---- Animal proteins ---- Copper-transporting ATPase 2 Source.175: DFBPPR13830 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenosine receptor A3 Source.176: DFBPPR14539 ---- Marine protein ---- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator Source.177: DFBPPR15245 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX18, mitochondrial Source.178: DFBPPR15342 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Histone transcription regulator 3 homolog Source.179: DFBPPR15458 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial glycine transporter Source.180: DFBPPR15459 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 6 Source.181: DFBPPR15766 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein ATC1/LIC4 Source.182: DFBPPR0003 ---- Plant protein ---- Conglutin beta 2 Source.183: DFBPPR0009 ---- Plant protein ---- Conglutin beta 1 Source.184: DFBPPR7785 ---- Plant protein ---- Alanine--tRNA ligase, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.185: DFBPPR8002 ---- Plant protein ---- Plastocyanin Source.186: DFBPPR8150 ---- Plant protein ---- Pathogenesis-related protein 2 Source.187: DFBPPR8231 ---- Plant protein ---- Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antioxidative activity	The peptide VVKL was a potential antioxidant peptide (data not shown).
Specific target protein(s)	N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	A peptidic fraction having antioxidant activity was separated from the proteolytic digest of dried bonito protein by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Suetsuna, K. Separation and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides from Proteolytic Digest of Dried Bonito. NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI. 1999, 65, 92-6. DOI: 10.2331/suisan.65.92
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	1999