Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANOX0446(Antioxidative peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANOX0446
Peptide sequence	YVGD
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antioxidative peptide, GKAP C8

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antioxidative activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Val-Gly-Asp

Single-letter amino acid

YVGD

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
452.21 Da	452.46 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.13 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.2500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Ginkgo biloba
Precursor protein	Ginkgo biloba seed protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1787 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Source.2: DFBPPR2095 ---- Plant proteins ---- Geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR2189 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 4 Source.4: DFBPPR2238 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 2 Source.5: DFBPPR2257 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 11 Source.6: DFBPPR2268 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 7 Source.7: DFBPPR2320 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable trehalose-phosphate phosphatase 2 Source.8: DFBPPR2330 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable staphylococcal-like nuclease CAN3 Source.9: DFBPPR2528 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable staphylococcal-like nuclease CAN2 Source.10: DFBPPR2718 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14M Source.11: DFBPPR2751 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-7 Source.12: DFBPPR2763 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.13: DFBPPR2989 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-2 Source.14: DFBPPR3082 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE2 Source.15: DFBPPR3087 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-3 Source.16: DFBPPR3215 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Source.17: DFBPPR3510 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thioredoxin-like protein Clot Source.18: DFBPPR3638 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 6 Source.19: DFBPPR3682 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 5 Source.20: DFBPPR3980 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 7 Source.21: DFBPPR4030 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome b5 Source.22: DFBPPR4438 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing factor SLU7 Source.23: DFBPPR4802 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 34 Source.24: DFBPPR4865 ---- Plant proteins ---- P-loop NTPase domain-containing protein LPA1 homolog Source.25: DFBPPR5185 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.26: DFBPPR5283 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-3 Source.27: DFBPPR5363 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin-induced protein 10A5 Source.28: DFBPPR5364 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin-induced protein X10A Source.29: DFBPPR5702 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1-Cys peroxiredoxin PER1 Source.30: DFBPPR5841 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.31: DFBPPR6023 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-3-phosphate synthase Source.32: DFBPPR6367 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ornithine carbamoyltransferase, chloroplastic Source.33: DFBPPR6550 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-3 Source.34: DFBPPR6551 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-2 Source.35: DFBPPR6552 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.36: DFBPPR6905 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-3-phosphate synthase Source.37: DFBPPR7077 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitor Source.38: DFBPPR7285 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-3-phosphate synthase Source.39: DFBPPR8433 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-3-phosphate synthase Source.40: DFBPPR16050 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dual oxidase 1 Source.41: DFBPPR16188 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.42: DFBPPR16883 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, aortic smooth muscle Source.43: DFBPPR16965 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adseverin Source.44: DFBPPR17154 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Source.45: DFBPPR17155 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Source.46: DFBPPR17156 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase A Source.47: DFBPPR17170 ---- Animal proteins ---- A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 2 Source.48: DFBPPR17375 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Source.49: DFBPPR17514 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.50: DFBPPR17741 ---- Animal proteins ---- Polyadenylate-binding protein 1 Source.51: DFBPPR17747 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.52: DFBPPR17861 ---- Animal proteins ---- 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase Source.53: DFBPPR17901 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin beta-3 chain Source.54: DFBPPR17939 ---- Animal proteins ---- Delta(14)-sterol reductase TM7SF2 Source.55: DFBPPR18495 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle Source.56: DFBPPR18749 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short transient receptor potential channel 4 Source.57: DFBPPR19044 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate lyase Source.58: DFBPPR19573 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box only protein 7 Source.59: DFBPPR19705 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin beta-6 chain Source.60: DFBPPR21264 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Source.61: DFBPPR21952 ---- Animal proteins ---- Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 6 Source.62: DFBPPR22572 ---- Animal proteins ---- Maestro heat-like repeat-containing protein family member 1 Source.63: DFBPPR8748 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dual oxidase 2 Source.64: DFBPPR8754 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dual oxidase 1 Source.65: DFBPPR8884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.66: DFBPPR10103 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.67: DFBPPR10319 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 Source.68: DFBPPR10338 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.69: DFBPPR10431 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, aortic smooth muscle Source.70: DFBPPR10478 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle Source.71: DFBPPR10602 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A Source.72: DFBPPR10707 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin beta-4 chain Source.73: DFBPPR10759 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase Source.74: DFBPPR10777 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic type 5 Source.75: DFBPPR10799 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate lyase Source.76: DFBPPR10810 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Source.77: DFBPPR10819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 Source.78: DFBPPR10994 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin beta-5 chain Source.79: DFBPPR11030 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein C-ets-2 Source.80: DFBPPR12268 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.81: DFBPPR12556 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, aortic smooth muscle Source.82: DFBPPR12700 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.83: DFBPPR12701 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.84: DFBPPR12769 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short transient receptor potential channel 5 Source.85: DFBPPR13231 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.86: DFBPPR13769 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.87: DFBPPR13996 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.88: DFBPPR14021 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.89: DFBPPR14143 ---- Marine protein ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.90: DFBPPR14798 ---- Marine protein ---- Panusin Source.91: DFBPPR14935 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Actin Source.92: DFBPPR15367 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase subunit 1 Source.93: DFBPPR15487 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Restriction of telomere capping protein 1 Source.94: DFBPPR15837 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Acetyl-CoA:oxalate CoA-transferase Source.95: DFBPPR7844 ---- Plant protein ---- Actin-1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antioxidative activity

The peptide GKAP C8 exhibited good free radical-scavenging effect and inhibited the autoxidation of the linoleic acid system.

Table 1. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of antioxidant peptides (C8 and C9).
Samples	DPPH, IC₅₀ (mg/mL)	Hydroxyl, IC₅₀ (mg/mL)	Superoxide, IC₅₀ (mg/mL)
GKAP C8	0.47	0.51	0.53
GKAP C9	0.46	0.51	0.66
Glutathione (GSH)	0.59	0.57	0.56

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Ginkgo biloba seed proteins were hydrolyzed using alkali protease and pepsin to obtain antioxidant peptides.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Ginkgo biloba antioxidant peptides were considered as nature antioxidant compound, it can be widely added to food and animal feed.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Wu, C., Jia, S., Fan, G., Li, T., Ying, R., Yang, J. Purification and Identification of Novel Antioxidant Peptides from Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Ginkgo biloba Seed Proteins. Food Science and Technology Research. 2013, 19, 1029-35. DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.1029
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2013