Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANOX0497(Antioxidative peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANOX0497
Peptide sequence	GFVG
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antioxidative peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antioxidative activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Phe-Val-Gly

Single-letter amino acid

GFVG

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
378.5 Da	378.43 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

1.5500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Spotless smoothhound (Mustelus griseus)
Precursor protein	Ethanol-soluble protein, muscle protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1379 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.2: DFBPPR1387 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-transporting ATPase 7, plasma membrane-type Source.3: DFBPPR1735 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aminodeoxychorismate synthase, chloroplastic Source.4: DFBPPR1761 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nuclear/nucleolar GTPase 2 Source.5: DFBPPR1841 ---- Plant proteins ---- SPX domain-containing protein 2 Source.6: DFBPPR2238 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 2 Source.7: DFBPPR2389 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit B-1 Source.8: DFBPPR2529 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two-component response regulator ORR21 Source.9: DFBPPR2590 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cation transporter HKT4 Source.10: DFBPPR2923 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox protein knotted-1-like 11 Source.11: DFBPPR2976 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase 2, chloroplastic Source.12: DFBPPR2980 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase 1, chloroplastic Source.13: DFBPPR3355 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 22 Source.14: DFBPPR3499 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable anion transporter 3, chloroplastic Source.15: DFBPPR3724 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cation transporter HKT7 Source.16: DFBPPR4199 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit gamma Source.17: DFBPPR4311 ---- Plant proteins ---- WUSCHEL-related homeobox 6 Source.18: DFBPPR4831 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 36 Source.19: DFBPPR4987 ---- Plant proteins ---- Hydroxyisourate hydrolase Source.20: DFBPPR5398 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sulfite reductase [ferredoxin], chloroplastic Source.21: DFBPPR5791 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, chloroplastic Source.22: DFBPPR5835 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase Source.23: DFBPPR7161 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Source.24: DFBPPR7212 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase Source.25: DFBPPR15961 ---- Animal proteins ---- C-C chemokine receptor type 5 Source.26: DFBPPR16222 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter Source.27: DFBPPR16527 ---- Animal proteins ---- Contactin-associated protein-like 5 Source.28: DFBPPR16675 ---- Animal proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 Source.29: DFBPPR16770 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysozyme C Source.30: DFBPPR17081 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lys-63-specific deubiquitinase BRCC36 Source.31: DFBPPR17088 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(I) chain Source.32: DFBPPR17172 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein Source.33: DFBPPR17380 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dipeptidase 1 Source.34: DFBPPR17501 ---- Animal proteins ---- C-C chemokine receptor type 5 Source.35: DFBPPR18083 ---- Animal proteins ---- Developmentally-regulated GTP-binding protein 1 Source.36: DFBPPR18108 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 Source.37: DFBPPR18550 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype Source.38: DFBPPR18627 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 Source.39: DFBPPR18819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome activator complex subunit 4 Source.40: DFBPPR19021 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methanethiol oxidase Source.41: DFBPPR19370 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuroendocrine convertase 2 Source.42: DFBPPR19502 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 72 Source.43: DFBPPR19577 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 51 homolog Source.44: DFBPPR19622 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 1 Source.45: DFBPPR19778 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter Source.46: DFBPPR20101 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 Source.47: DFBPPR20251 ---- Animal proteins ---- Follistatin-related protein 3 Source.48: DFBPPR20551 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 3 Source.49: DFBPPR20672 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tripartite motif-containing protein 45 Source.50: DFBPPR20994 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 Source.51: DFBPPR21022 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane 4 L6 family member 5 Source.52: DFBPPR21227 ---- Animal proteins ---- FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 Source.53: DFBPPR21835 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein misato homolog 1 Source.54: DFBPPR21847 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein Mpv17 Source.55: DFBPPR21987 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribonuclease H2 subunit C Source.56: DFBPPR22015 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 35 member F5 Source.57: DFBPPR22357 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 180 Source.58: DFBPPR22362 ---- Animal proteins ---- Decreased expression in renal and prostate cancer protein Source.59: DFBPPR8533 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dipeptidase 1 Source.60: DFBPPR8566 ---- Animal proteins ---- Scavenger receptor class B member 1 Source.61: DFBPPR9283 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuroendocrine convertase 2 Source.62: DFBPPR9400 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype Source.63: DFBPPR9438 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9 Source.64: DFBPPR9511 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cholinesterase Source.65: DFBPPR9724 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 Source.66: DFBPPR9738 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein delta homolog 2 Source.67: DFBPPR10150 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tenascin Source.68: DFBPPR10175 ---- Animal proteins ---- Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha Source.69: DFBPPR10603 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain Source.70: DFBPPR10721 ---- Animal proteins ---- Limb region 1 protein homolog Source.71: DFBPPR11390 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tuftelin-interacting protein 11 Source.72: DFBPPR11408 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cadherin-10 Source.73: DFBPPR11757 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein 38 Source.74: DFBPPR12103 ---- Animal proteins ---- FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 Source.75: DFBPPR12334 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dipeptidase 1 Source.76: DFBPPR12649 ---- Animal proteins ---- C-C chemokine receptor type 5 Source.77: DFBPPR12675 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype Source.78: DFBPPR12862 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein Source.79: DFBPPR12904 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B13 Source.80: DFBPPR12914 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipase member H Source.81: DFBPPR13009 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 Source.82: DFBPPR13278 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5 Source.83: DFBPPR13377 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein Source.84: DFBPPR13548 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dipeptidase 1 Source.85: DFBPPR13884 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 Source.86: DFBPPR14076 ---- Marine protein ---- Lys-63-specific deubiquitinase BRCC36 Source.87: DFBPPR14349 ---- Marine protein ---- Acetylglutamate kinase Source.88: DFBPPR14569 ---- Marine protein ---- Collagen alpha-2(I) chain Source.89: DFBPPR14894 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1 Source.90: DFBPPR15040 ---- Microorganism protein ---- RuvB-like helicase 1 Source.91: DFBPPR15295 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Galactose/lactose metabolism regulatory protein GAL80 Source.92: DFBPPR15842 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pyranose dehydrogenase Source.93: DFBPPR15853 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Polyphenol oxidase 4
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antioxidative activity	(1) The purified peptide GFVG exhibited high scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical (IC₅₀ 0.8944 mg/ml), ABTS radical (IC₅₀ 1.3055 mg/ml), and superoxide radical (IC₅₀ 0.3082 mg/ml). (2) The purified peptide also effectively inhibited the autooxidation in linoleic acid model system.
Specific target protein(s)	N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The ethanol-soluble proteins antioxidant hydrolysates were prepared using papain.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The peptides isolated from the ethanol-soluble proteins hydrolysates of spotless smoothhound muscle were potent antioxidants and might be effectively used as food additives and pharmaceutical agents.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Wang, B., Gong, Y.-D., Li, Z.-R., Yu, D., Chi, C.-F., Ma, J.-Y. Isolation and characterisation of five novel antioxidant peptides from ethanol-soluble proteins hydrolysate of spotless smoothhound (Mustelus griseus) muscle. Journal of Functional Foods. 2014, 6, 176-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.004
Other literature(s)	[1] Zou, T.B., et al., The Structure-Activity Relationship of the Antioxidant Peptides from Natural Proteins. Molecules, 2016. 21(1): p. 72.
PubDate	2014