Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANOX0837(Antioxidative peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANOX0837
Peptide sequence	TWY
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antioxidative peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antioxidative activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Thr-Trp-Tyr

Single-letter amino acid

TWY

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	468.51 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.9667^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

33.33%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine whey protein
Precursor protein	β-Lactoglobulin
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0942 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ705 Source.2: DFBPPR1088 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ706 Source.3: DFBPPR1184 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase SE14 Source.4: DFBPPR1255 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ethylene receptor 3 Source.5: DFBPPR1445 ---- Plant proteins ---- G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase LECRK4 Source.6: DFBPPR1609 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B1 Source.7: DFBPPR1657 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A Source.8: DFBPPR1912 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B3 Source.9: DFBPPR2008 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative MYST-like histone acetyltransferase 1 Source.10: DFBPPR2146 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B4 Source.11: DFBPPR2157 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B6 Source.12: DFBPPR2160 ---- Plant proteins ---- CBL-interacting protein kinase 11 Source.13: DFBPPR2353 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B12 Source.14: DFBPPR2496 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable staphylococcal-like nuclease CAN4 Source.15: DFBPPR2516 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B16 Source.16: DFBPPR2595 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B7 Source.17: DFBPPR2636 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B8 Source.18: DFBPPR2673 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B13 Source.19: DFBPPR2758 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B17 Source.20: DFBPPR2883 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B9 Source.21: DFBPPR2884 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B2 Source.22: DFBPPR2888 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B10 Source.23: DFBPPR2910 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B5 Source.24: DFBPPR2931 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative expansin-B14 Source.25: DFBPPR2940 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sialyltransferase-like protein 5 Source.26: DFBPPR2997 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 13 Source.27: DFBPPR3029 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 15 Source.28: DFBPPR3053 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 18 Source.29: DFBPPR3080 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 3 Source.30: DFBPPR3092 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 12 Source.31: DFBPPR3093 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 11 Source.32: DFBPPR3102 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B18 Source.33: DFBPPR3206 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B15 Source.34: DFBPPR3289 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET3b Source.35: DFBPPR3359 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 1 Source.36: DFBPPR3363 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 2 Source.37: DFBPPR3388 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 14 Source.38: DFBPPR3389 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 7 Source.39: DFBPPR3422 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative beta-galactosidase 10 Source.40: DFBPPR3727 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine decarboxylase 1 Source.41: DFBPPR3853 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable inactive beta-glucosidase 14 Source.42: DFBPPR4967 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Source.43: DFBPPR5115 ---- Plant proteins ---- Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.44: DFBPPR5228 ---- Plant proteins ---- Omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, chloroplastic Source.45: DFBPPR5236 ---- Plant proteins ---- Vacuolar-processing enzyme Source.46: DFBPPR5432 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B1 Source.47: DFBPPR5470 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase AN1, chloroplastic Source.48: DFBPPR5508 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B9 Source.49: DFBPPR5627 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B11 Source.50: DFBPPR5652 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B10 Source.51: DFBPPR5986 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Source.52: DFBPPR6239 ---- Plant proteins ---- Vacuolar-sorting receptor 1 Source.53: DFBPPR6334 ---- Plant proteins ---- Triose phosphate/phosphate translocator, chloroplastic Source.54: DFBPPR6342 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, chloroplastic Source.55: DFBPPR6414 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase nodule isozyme Source.56: DFBPPR7600 ---- Milk proteins ---- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 Source.57: DFBPPR7687 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.58: DFBPPR7714 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.59: DFBPPR8499 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.60: DFBPPR15966 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.61: DFBPPR16144 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tight junction protein ZO-3 Source.62: DFBPPR16148 ---- Animal proteins ---- Haptoglobin Source.63: DFBPPR16211 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5C Source.64: DFBPPR16232 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5D Source.65: DFBPPR16342 ---- Animal proteins ---- cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 Source.66: DFBPPR16343 ---- Animal proteins ---- cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 Source.67: DFBPPR16552 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rhophilin-2 Source.68: DFBPPR16963 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase Source.69: DFBPPR17062 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytosolic phospholipase A2 Source.70: DFBPPR17166 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 Source.71: DFBPPR17322 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysyl oxidase homolog 2 Source.72: DFBPPR17451 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.73: DFBPPR17507 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 Source.74: DFBPPR17789 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor Source.75: DFBPPR17814 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 Source.76: DFBPPR17873 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho family-interacting cell polarization regulator 2 Source.77: DFBPPR17981 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol-binding protein 4 Source.78: DFBPPR17984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta Source.79: DFBPPR18003 ---- Animal proteins ---- 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase Source.80: DFBPPR18082 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A activator Source.81: DFBPPR18129 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 Source.82: DFBPPR18202 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 Source.83: DFBPPR18272 ---- Animal proteins ---- Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial Source.84: DFBPPR18304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.85: DFBPPR18588 ---- Animal proteins ---- CD166 antigen Source.86: DFBPPR18636 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 Source.87: DFBPPR18699 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysyl oxidase homolog 4 Source.88: DFBPPR18824 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrial Source.89: DFBPPR18844 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha Source.90: DFBPPR18868 ---- Animal proteins ---- Haptoglobin Source.91: DFBPPR18922 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 Source.92: DFBPPR19207 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 7 Source.93: DFBPPR19208 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sushi repeat-containing protein SRPX2 Source.94: DFBPPR19658 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-independent sulfate anion transporter Source.95: DFBPPR19909 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-2 Source.96: DFBPPR19984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiopoietin-related protein 7 Source.97: DFBPPR20545 ---- Animal proteins ---- GPI mannosyltransferase 3 Source.98: DFBPPR20554 ---- Animal proteins ---- U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Prp4 Source.99: DFBPPR20570 ---- Animal proteins ---- Intraflagellar transport protein 22 homolog Source.100: DFBPPR20640 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 8 Source.101: DFBPPR20662 ---- Animal proteins ---- C4b-binding protein alpha chain Source.102: DFBPPR20777 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 2 Source.103: DFBPPR20927 ---- Animal proteins ---- ADP-ribosylation factor 4 Source.104: DFBPPR21146 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 Source.105: DFBPPR21284 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 30B Source.106: DFBPPR21530 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rhophilin-2 Source.107: DFBPPR21573 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 30A Source.108: DFBPPR21593 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4A Source.109: DFBPPR21710 ---- Animal proteins ---- Differentially expressed in FDCP 8 homolog Source.110: DFBPPR22064 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uroplakin-3b-like protein 1 Source.111: DFBPPR22255 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rab9 effector protein with kelch motifs Source.112: DFBPPR22331 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 8 Source.113: DFBPPR22464 ---- Animal proteins ---- Membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 13 Source.114: DFBPPR22501 ---- Animal proteins ---- Multiple myeloma tumor-associated protein 2 homolog Source.115: DFBPPR22527 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 169 Source.116: DFBPPR22762 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C6orf136 homolog Source.117: DFBPPR8613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyroglobulin Source.118: DFBPPR8635 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mu-type opioid receptor Source.119: DFBPPR8684 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sialoadhesin Source.120: DFBPPR8751 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.121: DFBPPR8839 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.122: DFBPPR8865 ---- Animal proteins ---- Haptoglobin Source.123: DFBPPR9051 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol-binding protein 4 Source.124: DFBPPR9088 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta Source.125: DFBPPR9105 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5C Source.126: DFBPPR9204 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1a Source.127: DFBPPR9358 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrial Source.128: DFBPPR9756 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/glucose cotransporter 5 Source.129: DFBPPR9967 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle Source.130: DFBPPR10089 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysyl oxidase homolog 2 Source.131: DFBPPR10092 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol-binding protein 4 Source.132: DFBPPR10119 ---- Animal proteins ---- Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule homolog Source.133: DFBPPR10124 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 Source.134: DFBPPR10160 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(I) chain Source.135: DFBPPR10212 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-4 Source.136: DFBPPR10268 ---- Animal proteins ---- CD166 antigen Source.137: DFBPPR10287 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytosolic phospholipase A2 Source.138: DFBPPR10355 ---- Animal proteins ---- Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule-like protein 1 homolog Source.139: DFBPPR10419 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho family-interacting cell polarization regulator 2 Source.140: DFBPPR10579 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5B Source.141: DFBPPR10754 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic Source.142: DFBPPR10872 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase 7 Source.143: DFBPPR10891 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha Source.144: DFBPPR10935 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 Source.145: DFBPPR10940 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein piccolo Source.146: DFBPPR11370 ---- Animal proteins ---- TLC domain-containing protein 1 Source.147: DFBPPR11506 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein BarH-like 1b Source.148: DFBPPR11519 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 Source.149: DFBPPR11566 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cysteine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic Source.150: DFBPPR11785 ---- Animal proteins ---- ADP-ribosylation factor 5 Source.151: DFBPPR11810 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein BarH-like 1 Source.152: DFBPPR11877 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ig mu chain C region Source.153: DFBPPR11994 ---- Animal proteins ---- Surfeit locus protein 1 Source.154: DFBPPR11999 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dymeclin Source.155: DFBPPR12119 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4A Source.156: DFBPPR12171 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylamine N-acetyltransferase, pineal gland isozyme NAT-3 Source.157: DFBPPR12191 ---- Animal proteins ---- DEP domain-containing protein 1B Source.158: DFBPPR12311 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.159: DFBPPR12368 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytosolic phospholipase A2 Source.160: DFBPPR12410 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor Source.161: DFBPPR12479 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A activator Source.162: DFBPPR12525 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coagulation factor VII Source.163: DFBPPR12642 ---- Animal proteins ---- Haptoglobin Source.164: DFBPPR12643 ---- Animal proteins ---- Haptoglobin Source.165: DFBPPR12808 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6 Source.166: DFBPPR12828 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol-binding protein 4 Source.167: DFBPPR12851 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 Source.168: DFBPPR12904 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B13 Source.169: DFBPPR12920 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 Source.170: DFBPPR12956 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/glucose cotransporter 5 Source.171: DFBPPR12957 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 Source.172: DFBPPR13116 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ig gamma chain C region Source.173: DFBPPR13164 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.174: DFBPPR13190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha Source.175: DFBPPR13374 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol-binding protein 4 Source.176: DFBPPR13591 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.177: DFBPPR13641 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 Source.178: DFBPPR13718 ---- Animal proteins ---- Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d Source.179: DFBPPR13751 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1b-2 Source.180: DFBPPR13849 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1b-3 Source.181: DFBPPR13925 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein BarH-like 2 Source.182: DFBPPR14631 ---- Marine protein ---- Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1a Source.183: DFBPPR14994 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase MEC1 Source.184: DFBPPR15052 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2 Source.185: DFBPPR15066 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Source.186: DFBPPR15273 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 21S rRNA pseudouridine(2819) synthase Source.187: DFBPPR15300 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Vacuolar protein-sorting protein BRO1 Source.188: DFBPPR15430 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Exportin-T Source.189: DFBPPR15440 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial homologous recombination protein 1 Source.190: DFBPPR15560 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 13 Source.191: DFBPPR15588 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein PNS1 Source.192: DFBPPR15678 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Autophagy-related protein 2 Source.193: DFBPPR15774 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein SIA1 Source.194: DFBPPR15862 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Cellulose-growth-specific protein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antioxidative activity

The antioxidant activity of the synthetic tripeptide was evaluated using a FRAP assay and the activity of glutathione (273.28 ± 12.13 mmol Fe³⁺/mol peptide) was measured as a positive control. The peptide TWY showed moderate antioxidant activity with a relative antioxidant activity of 9.05 ± 0.07 mmol Fe³⁺/mol peptide (The activity have been reported as the averages of three independent experiments ± standard deviation.).

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis peptide
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptide was synthesized using solid phase Fmoc Chemistry.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The result of the QSAR modeling indicated that the electronic and hydrogen-bonding properties of the amino acids in the tripeptide sequences, as well as the steric properties of the amino acid residues at the C- and N-termini, played an important role in the antioxidant activities of the tripeptides. The antioxidant activities of the tripeptides were generally higher with Cys and Trp amino acid residues in the sequence.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Tian, M., Fang, B., Jiang, L., Guo, H., Cui, J., Ren, F. Structure-activity relationship of a series of antioxidant tripeptides derived from β-Lactoglobulin using QSAR modeling. Dairy Science & Technology. 2015, 95, 451-63. DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0226-5
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2015