Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANOX1001(Antioxidative peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANOX1001
Peptide sequence	GAWA
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antioxidative peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antioxidative activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Ala-Trp-Ala

Single-letter amino acid

GAWA

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
403.1 Da	403.43 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.5750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal, Fish, Marine
Organism/Source	Sardinelle (Sardinella aurita)
Precursor protein	Sardinelle by-products protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0829 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ROC5 Source.2: DFBPPR1173 ---- Plant proteins ---- Shikimate kinase 3, chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR1828 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase Source.4: DFBPPR3314 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable auxin efflux carrier component 5a Source.5: DFBPPR3334 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL12 Source.6: DFBPPR3426 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP1-1 Source.7: DFBPPR3604 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP1-3 Source.8: DFBPPR3633 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP1-2 Source.9: DFBPPR3683 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL14 Source.10: DFBPPR4220 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP1-4 Source.11: DFBPPR4239 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL10 Source.12: DFBPPR4258 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL11 Source.13: DFBPPR4345 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative cysteine proteinase inhibitor 11 Source.14: DFBPPR4586 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein MEI2-like 2 Source.15: DFBPPR4762 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 35 Source.16: DFBPPR5999 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP1-1 Source.17: DFBPPR6768 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B1 Source.18: DFBPPR7704 ---- Milk proteins ---- Whey acidic protein (tWAP) Source.19: DFBPPR16108 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1 Source.20: DFBPPR16197 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.21: DFBPPR16235 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serum amyloid A protein Source.22: DFBPPR16817 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.23: DFBPPR17119 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronidase-2 Source.24: DFBPPR18233 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 3 Source.25: DFBPPR18549 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serum amyloid A protein Source.26: DFBPPR18577 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) Source.27: DFBPPR18888 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutathione hydrolase 6 Source.28: DFBPPR19032 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain Source.29: DFBPPR19353 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 Source.30: DFBPPR19449 ---- Animal proteins ---- SCO-spondin Source.31: DFBPPR19544 ---- Animal proteins ---- Marginal zone B- and B1-cell-specific protein Source.32: DFBPPR19599 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thrombomodulin Source.33: DFBPPR21029 ---- Animal proteins ---- L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B Source.34: DFBPPR21381 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial Source.35: DFBPPR21456 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal Source.36: DFBPPR21928 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein canopy homolog 4 Source.37: DFBPPR8726 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine-protein kinase ATM Source.38: DFBPPR8984 ---- Animal proteins ---- V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 Source.39: DFBPPR9422 ---- Animal proteins ---- C-C motif chemokine 25 Source.40: DFBPPR9543 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-glucuronidase Source.41: DFBPPR9910 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serum amyloid A-2 protein Source.42: DFBPPR10501 ---- Animal proteins ---- Very low-density lipoprotein receptor Source.43: DFBPPR10604 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrin alpha-8 Source.44: DFBPPR10617 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 Source.45: DFBPPR10690 ---- Animal proteins ---- V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 Source.46: DFBPPR10801 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain Source.47: DFBPPR11705 ---- Animal proteins ---- SCO-spondin Source.48: DFBPPR12284 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta Source.49: DFBPPR12494 ---- Animal proteins ---- V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 Source.50: DFBPPR12550 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.51: DFBPPR12633 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) Source.52: DFBPPR13228 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.53: DFBPPR13325 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serum amyloid A protein Source.54: DFBPPR13388 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 Source.55: DFBPPR13444 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.56: DFBPPR13536 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronidase-2 Source.57: DFBPPR13595 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.58: DFBPPR13817 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain Source.59: DFBPPR13988 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.60: DFBPPR14079 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.61: DFBPPR14356 ---- Marine protein ---- Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit alpha Source.62: DFBPPR14568 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.63: DFBPPR14572 ---- Marine protein ---- V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antioxidative activity	The mixture containing peptides GAH, GAWA and PHYL displayed potent DPPH radical-scavenging activity (52 ± 1.44%; at 150 μg/ml). *DPPH - the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
Specific target protein(s)	N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Peptide obtained by hydrolysis of sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) by-products proteins by use of crude enzyme extract from viscera of sardine (Sardina pilchardus).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

These results suggest that hydrolysate from sardinelle by-products could be used as natural antioxidant in enhancing antioxidants properties of functional foods and in preventing oxidation reactions in food processing.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Bougatef, A., Nedjar-Arroume, N., Manni, L., Ravallec, R., Barkia, A., Guillochon, D., et al. Purification and identification of novel antioxidant peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) by-products proteins. Food Chem. 2010, 118, 559-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.021
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2010