DFBP ID - DFBPBBBP0006(Blood-brain barrier peptides)

DFBP ID DFBPBBBP0006 Peptide sequence HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS Type Native peptide Peptide/Function name Blood-brain barrier peptide, Exendin-4

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity Penetrate blood-brain barrier Otheir bioactivity N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser Single-letter amino acid HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS Peptide length 39 Peptide mass Experimental mass Theoretical mass 4184 Da 4187.57 Da c Net charge 0.00 c Isoelectric point (pI) 4.54 c IC50 N.D pIC50 N.D GRAVY -0.6923 c Hydrophilic residue ratio 51.28% c Peptide calculator To calculate the physicochemical properties of bioactive peptide.

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification Animal Organism/Source The saliva of the Gila monster Precursor protein N.D Residue position N.D Precursor protein(s) search No matching precursor protein found Link-research Inductive analysis There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Penetrate blood-barin barrier The most of the Exendin-4 injected with iodinated peptide in lactated Ringer's solution with 1% BSA, reaches the brain through the BBB rather than through CVOs (circumventricular organs). Specific target protein(s) N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness Literature report N.D Bitter prediction tools Non-bitter taste prediction SMILES N.D

Preparation method

Mode of preparation Separation Enzyme(s)/starter culture The Exendin-4 isolated from the saliva of the Gila monster, has slightly more than 50% sequence homology with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 [1].

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability Literature report: HPLC showed that Exendin-4 was stable in blood, with most of the injected peptide reaching the brain intact. EHP-Tool: Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool) Peptide cytotoxicity Literature report: N.D Prediction: ToxinPred

Additional information

Additional information The intact Exendin-4 readily enters the brain, but that there may be some limit to the extent of this entry at high doses.

Database cross-references

BIOPEP-UWM [D1] -

APD [D2] -

BioPepDB [D3] -

MBPDB [D4] -

Reference(s)

Primary literature Kastin AJ, Akerstrom V. Entry of exendin-4 into brain is rapid but may be limited at high doses. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Mar;27(3):313-8. PMID: 12629557 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802206 Other literature(s) [1] Kieffer TJ, McIntosh CH, Pederson RA. Degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and truncated glucagon-like peptide 1 in vitro and in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Endocrinology. 1995 Aug;136(8):3585-96. doi: 10.1210/endo.136.8.7628397. PMID: 7628397. PubDate 2003