Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPDPIV0050(DPP IV-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPDPIV0050
Peptide sequence	AAATP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	DPP-IV inhibitory peptide, Anti-diabetic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	DPP-IV inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Antihypertensive activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ala-Ala-Ala-Thr-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

AAATP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	429.46 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.6200^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

80%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Pig meat, Spanish dry-cured ham
Precursor protein	Allantoicase Sus scrofa ^[1]
Residue position	f(133-137)^[1]
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1100 ---- Plant proteins ---- Soluble starch synthase 2-3, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.2: DFBPPR1180 ---- Plant proteins ---- Anthranilate synthase beta subunit 1, chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR1256 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 78A11 Source.4: DFBPPR1418 ---- Plant proteins ---- SCARECROW-LIKE protein 7 Source.5: DFBPPR1662 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable allantoate deiminase Source.6: DFBPPR1731 ---- Plant proteins ---- Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4 Source.7: DFBPPR1832 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 7, chloroplastic Source.8: DFBPPR1835 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-15 Source.9: DFBPPR1899 ---- Plant proteins ---- High-affinity nitrate transporter 2.1 Source.10: DFBPPR1909 ---- Plant proteins ---- High-affinity nitrate transporter 2.2 Source.11: DFBPPR2054 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 10 Source.12: DFBPPR2181 ---- Plant proteins ---- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED3, chloroplastic Source.13: DFBPPR2389 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit B-1 Source.14: DFBPPR2428 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET13 Source.15: DFBPPR2438 ---- Plant proteins ---- Arabinogalactan protein 1 Source.16: DFBPPR2487 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two-component response regulator ORR2 Source.17: DFBPPR2523 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TIC 62, chloroplastic Source.18: DFBPPR2588 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative heat stress transcription factor B-4a Source.19: DFBPPR2912 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable auxin efflux carrier component 3b Source.20: DFBPPR2948 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A25 Source.21: DFBPPR3324 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2C Source.22: DFBPPR3368 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable zinc metalloprotease EGY1, chloroplastic Source.23: DFBPPR3631 ---- Plant proteins ---- BTB/POZ domain and ankyrin repeat-containing protein NPR5 Source.24: DFBPPR3770 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 51 Source.25: DFBPPR3878 ---- Plant proteins ---- Growth-regulating factor 10 Source.26: DFBPPR3925 ---- Plant proteins ---- Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 5 Source.27: DFBPPR3971 ---- Plant proteins ---- WUSCHEL-related homeobox 12 Source.28: DFBPPR4102 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyclase-like protein 3 Source.29: DFBPPR4428 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl transferase 9 Source.30: DFBPPR4833 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 56 Source.31: DFBPPR4878 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 10 Source.32: DFBPPR5427 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 Source.33: DFBPPR5687 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein AMEIOTIC 1 Source.34: DFBPPR6263 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 3, chloroplastic Source.35: DFBPPR6788 ---- Plant proteins ---- Histone H1 Source.36: DFBPPR6959 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein 2 Source.37: DFBPPR6987 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein 1 Source.38: DFBPPR6991 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein 3 Source.39: DFBPPR7004 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uncharacterized 16 kDa protein in middle repetitive insertion sequence WIS1 Source.40: DFBPPR7254 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plastocyanin, chloroplastic Source.41: DFBPPR16646 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B Source.42: DFBPPR16999 ---- Animal proteins ---- TGF-beta receptor type-1 Source.43: DFBPPR17057 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor Source.44: DFBPPR17534 ---- Animal proteins ---- RISC-loading complex subunit TARBP2 Source.45: DFBPPR17741 ---- Animal proteins ---- Polyadenylate-binding protein 1 Source.46: DFBPPR19529 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator 1 Source.47: DFBPPR20018 ---- Animal proteins ---- MARCKS-related protein Source.48: DFBPPR20506 ---- Animal proteins ---- Akirin-2 Source.49: DFBPPR20685 ---- Animal proteins ---- ER membrane protein complex subunit 10 Source.50: DFBPPR20914 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B Source.51: DFBPPR21375 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor jun-D Source.52: DFBPPR21393 ---- Animal proteins ---- mRNA-decapping enzyme 1B Source.53: DFBPPR21400 ---- Animal proteins ---- Replication initiator 1 Source.54: DFBPPR21756 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable allantoicase Source.55: DFBPPR8776 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1 Source.56: DFBPPR9867 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phostensin Source.57: DFBPPR9995 ---- Animal proteins ---- Melanocyte protein PMEL Source.58: DFBPPR10228 ---- Animal proteins ---- Presenilin-2 Source.59: DFBPPR10536 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inhibin beta B chain Source.60: DFBPPR11970 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rap1 GTPase-activating protein 2 Source.61: DFBPPR12604 ---- Animal proteins ---- MARCKS-related protein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

DPP IV-inhibitory activity

The peptide AAATP showed potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ value of 6.47 ± 0.20 mM. As shown in table 1.

Table 1 IC₅₀ (mM) values of Diprotin A (reference inhibitor) and synthetic peptides against DPP-IV activity
Peptides	IC₅₀ (mM)
Diprotin A (IPI)	0.011 ± 0.001
KA	6.27 ± 0.59
AA	9.40 ± 0.10
GP	9.69 ± 0.49
PL	> 10
AAATP	6.47 ± 0.20
AAAAG	8.13 ± 0.48
ALGGA	> 10
LVSGM	> 10
ASGPINFT	No inhibition ^a
DVITGA	No inhibition^a
SAGPN	No inhibition^a

^a Tested up to 20 mM of peptide.

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Water-soluble fractions of dry-cured ham^[1]
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	No enzyme

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI0970
[D2]	DFBPANHY0526
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0210

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Gallego M, Aristoy MC, Toldrá F. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides generated in Spanish dry-cured ham. Meat Sci. 2014 Feb;96(2 Pt A):757-61. PMID: 24200567 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.09.014
Other literature(s)	[1] Escudero E, Mora L, Fraser P D, et al. Purification and Identification of antihypertensive peptides in Spanish dry-cured ham[J]. Journal of Proteomics, 2013, 78(1):499-507.
PubDate	2014