Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPDPIV0109(DPP IV-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPDPIV0109
Peptide sequence	YPVEPF
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	DPP-IV inhibitory peptide, Anti-diabetic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	DPP-IV inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Opioid activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Pro-Val-Glu-Pro-Phe

Single-letter amino acid

YPVEPF

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	750.84 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.34 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.1667^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

66.67%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk proteins
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(114-119)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR7692 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.2: DFBPPR7700 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.3: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.4: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

DPP IV-inhibitory activity	The peptide showed potent inhibitory activity against Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) with the IC₅₀ value of 124.7 ± 9.1 μM (p < 0.05), and its DPP-IV inhibitory pattern was shown by Lineweaver–Burk plots to be a mixed inhibition pattern.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Dipeptidyl peptidase 4

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptides were from Genscript (Piscataway, NJ, USA).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	The peptide YPVEPF was cleaved by DPP-IV at the C-terminal side of the penultimate P residue and the expected products of this reaction (YP and VEPF) were identified for YPVEP^[1].
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Peptides present within the gastrointestinal tract of human may have promise for the development of natural DPP-IV inhibitors for the management of serum glucose.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPOPIO0101
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0728

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Structure activity relationship modelling of milk protein-derived peptides with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. Peptides. 2016 May;79:1-7. PMID: 26988873 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.005
Other literature(s)	[1] Nongonierma A B, Paolella S, Mudgil P, et al. Identification of novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides in camel milk protein hydrolysates[J]. Food Chemistry, 2018, 244:340.
PubDate	2016