Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPDPIV0152(DPP IV-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPDPIV0152
Peptide sequence	LPVP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	DPP-IV inhibitory peptide, Anti-diabetic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	DPP-IV inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Leu-Pro-Val-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

LPVP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
424.5 Da	424.53 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

1.2000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Camel milk
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(172-175)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0819 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ROC1 Source.2: DFBPPR0824 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ROC2 Source.3: DFBPPR0826 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ROC8 Source.4: DFBPPR0828 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ROC7 Source.5: DFBPPR1013 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1B Source.6: DFBPPR1034 ---- Plant proteins ---- bZIP transcription factor 50 Source.7: DFBPPR1046 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable histidine kinase 3 Source.8: DFBPPR1087 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TPR1 Source.9: DFBPPR1144 ---- Plant proteins ---- Meiotic recombination protein SPO11-4 Source.10: DFBPPR1162 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 2 Source.11: DFBPPR1264 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1A Source.12: DFBPPR1326 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SHORTAGE IN CHIASMATA 1 homolog Source.13: DFBPPR1386 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor LATE FLOWERING Source.14: DFBPPR1410 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 23 Source.15: DFBPPR1565 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 1 Source.16: DFBPPR1590 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase F-1 Source.17: DFBPPR1641 ---- Plant proteins ---- Enolase Source.18: DFBPPR1704 ---- Plant proteins ---- RNA-binding protein Y14B Source.19: DFBPPR1791 ---- Plant proteins ---- 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase 11 Source.20: DFBPPR1798 ---- Plant proteins ---- UMP-CMP kinase 2 Source.21: DFBPPR1806 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-19 Source.22: DFBPPR1826 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein terminal ear1 homolog Source.23: DFBPPR1867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-21 Source.24: DFBPPR1870 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-20 Source.25: DFBPPR1891 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor MYBS2 Source.26: DFBPPR2042 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, chloroplastic Source.27: DFBPPR2181 ---- Plant proteins ---- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED3, chloroplastic Source.28: DFBPPR2223 ---- Plant proteins ---- Urease Source.29: DFBPPR2328 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two-component response regulator ORR26 Source.30: DFBPPR2366 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY 2 Source.31: DFBPPR2427 ---- Plant proteins ---- (6-4)DNA photolyase Source.32: DFBPPR2445 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein IRON-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 Source.33: DFBPPR2731 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G Source.34: DFBPPR2842 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 6 Source.35: DFBPPR3125 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative alpha-L-fucosidase 1 Source.36: DFBPPR3181 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HOX15 Source.37: DFBPPR3348 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable methionine--tRNA ligase Source.38: DFBPPR3468 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XBOS34 Source.39: DFBPPR3472 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 68 Source.40: DFBPPR3800 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 Source.41: DFBPPR3875 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glutamyl endopeptidase, chloroplastic Source.42: DFBPPR3888 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 24 Source.43: DFBPPR4026 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium transporter 19 Source.44: DFBPPR4029 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative multidrug resistance protein Source.45: DFBPPR4155 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative cyclin-F2-1 Source.46: DFBPPR4175 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 1 Source.47: DFBPPR4193 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase, mitochondrial Source.48: DFBPPR4194 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium transporter 22 Source.49: DFBPPR4280 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium transporter 21 Source.50: DFBPPR4357 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyclin-F2-2 Source.51: DFBPPR4392 ---- Plant proteins ---- WUSCHEL-related homeobox 7 Source.52: DFBPPR4424 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phospholipase A1-II 5 Source.53: DFBPPR4538 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 2 Source.54: DFBPPR4553 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phospholipase A1-II 7 Source.55: DFBPPR4872 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative B3 domain-containing protein Os10g0158600 Source.56: DFBPPR5118 ---- Plant proteins ---- Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase Source.57: DFBPPR5581 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase, chloroplastic Source.58: DFBPPR5650 ---- Plant proteins ---- Enolase 1 Source.59: DFBPPR5675 ---- Plant proteins ---- Enolase 2 Source.60: DFBPPR5848 ---- Plant proteins ---- Methionine S-methyltransferase Source.61: DFBPPR6717 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CM3 Source.62: DFBPPR7040 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 1 Source.63: DFBPPR7044 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CMd Source.64: DFBPPR7111 ---- Plant proteins ---- Methionine S-methyltransferase Source.65: DFBPPR7165 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase A, chloroplastic Source.66: DFBPPR7493 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 Source.67: DFBPPR7605 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.68: DFBPPR7643 ---- Milk proteins ---- MICAL-like protein 1 Source.69: DFBPPR7665 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.70: DFBPPR7692 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.71: DFBPPR7700 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.72: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.73: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.74: DFBPPR15997 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2 Source.75: DFBPPR16031 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit Source.76: DFBPPR16760 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carnitine O-acetyltransferase Source.77: DFBPPR16769 ---- Animal proteins ---- Growth hormone receptor Source.78: DFBPPR16885 ---- Animal proteins ---- cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 Source.79: DFBPPR16909 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calreticulin Source.80: DFBPPR17039 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 Source.81: DFBPPR17123 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinal guanylyl cyclase 2 Source.82: DFBPPR17263 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF1 Source.83: DFBPPR17377 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylate cyclase type 1 Source.84: DFBPPR17519 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-enolase Source.85: DFBPPR17737 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inactive serine/threonine-protein kinase TEX14 Source.86: DFBPPR17902 ---- Animal proteins ---- PDZ and LIM domain protein 4 Source.87: DFBPPR17910 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 13 Source.88: DFBPPR17927 ---- Animal proteins ---- Synaptojanin-1 Source.89: DFBPPR18040 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F Source.90: DFBPPR18064 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sperm flagellar protein 1 Source.91: DFBPPR18198 ---- Animal proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform Source.92: DFBPPR18383 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor E3 Source.93: DFBPPR18389 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short transient receptor potential channel 6 Source.94: DFBPPR18401 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protrudin Source.95: DFBPPR18474 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase Source.96: DFBPPR18555 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 1 Source.97: DFBPPR18577 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) Source.98: DFBPPR18585 ---- Animal proteins ---- Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2 Source.99: DFBPPR18614 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-enolase Source.100: DFBPPR18776 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleoporin GLE1 Source.101: DFBPPR18822 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein Source.102: DFBPPR19025 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial Source.103: DFBPPR19099 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dr1-associated corepressor Source.104: DFBPPR19234 ---- Animal proteins ---- tRNA (adenine(58)-N(1))-methyltransferase catalytic subunit TRMT61A Source.105: DFBPPR19310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A Source.106: DFBPPR19426 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurosecretory protein VGF Source.107: DFBPPR19451 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 Source.108: DFBPPR19581 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 2 Source.109: DFBPPR19591 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphorylated adapter RNA export protein Source.110: DFBPPR19622 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 1 Source.111: DFBPPR19634 ---- Animal proteins ---- Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial Source.112: DFBPPR19811 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial inner membrane protein OXA1L Source.113: DFBPPR19814 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein delta homolog 2 Source.114: DFBPPR20028 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sine oculis-binding protein homolog Source.115: DFBPPR20050 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase Source.116: DFBPPR20054 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX55 Source.117: DFBPPR20125 ---- Animal proteins ---- CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 2 Source.118: DFBPPR20361 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cation channel sperm-associated protein subunit delta Source.119: DFBPPR20403 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 2 Source.120: DFBPPR20423 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L16, mitochondrial Source.121: DFBPPR20543 ---- Animal proteins ---- Procollagen galactosyltransferase 1 Source.122: DFBPPR20552 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin, type I cuticular Ha5 Source.123: DFBPPR20586 ---- Animal proteins ---- SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1-related Source.124: DFBPPR20688 ---- Animal proteins ---- 28S ribosomal protein S17, mitochondrial Source.125: DFBPPR20746 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibronectin type III and SPRY domain-containing protein 1 Source.126: DFBPPR20929 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX11, mitochondrial Source.127: DFBPPR20980 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon-inducible GTPase 5 Source.128: DFBPPR20989 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquinone biosynthesis protein COQ9, mitochondrial Source.129: DFBPPR21190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 22 Source.130: DFBPPR21208 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short transient receptor potential channel 2 homolog Source.131: DFBPPR21248 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L4, mitochondrial Source.132: DFBPPR21364 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10-like protein Source.133: DFBPPR21373 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein 2 Source.134: DFBPPR21447 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 39A Source.135: DFBPPR21518 ---- Animal proteins ---- U6 snRNA phosphodiesterase Source.136: DFBPPR21666 ---- Animal proteins ---- Importin-13 Source.137: DFBPPR21695 ---- Animal proteins ---- Choline transporter-like protein 3 Source.138: DFBPPR21772 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA polymerase II-associated protein 1 Source.139: DFBPPR21797 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase interacting protein-like Source.140: DFBPPR22153 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 Source.141: DFBPPR22162 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 245 Source.142: DFBPPR22182 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein TOPAZ1 Source.143: DFBPPR22229 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatogenesis-associated protein 22 Source.144: DFBPPR22253 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inhibitory synaptic factor 1 Source.145: DFBPPR22494 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM53C Source.146: DFBPPR8673 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calreticulin Source.147: DFBPPR8710 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leptin receptor Source.148: DFBPPR8742 ---- Animal proteins ---- Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 Source.149: DFBPPR9027 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1 Source.150: DFBPPR9071 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 Source.151: DFBPPR9207 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-enolase Source.152: DFBPPR9311 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-defensin 1 Source.153: DFBPPR9313 ---- Animal proteins ---- SRSF protein kinase 3 Source.154: DFBPPR9342 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome activator complex subunit 3 Source.155: DFBPPR9534 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor GATA-6 Source.156: DFBPPR9541 ---- Animal proteins ---- Choline O-acetyltransferase Source.157: DFBPPR9702 ---- Animal proteins ---- Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial Source.158: DFBPPR9730 ---- Animal proteins ---- Urotensin-2 Source.159: DFBPPR9738 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein delta homolog 2 Source.160: DFBPPR9800 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycophorin-A Source.161: DFBPPR9970 ---- Animal proteins ---- Growth hormone receptor Source.162: DFBPPR10018 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx Source.163: DFBPPR10298 ---- Animal proteins ---- Caldesmon Source.164: DFBPPR10407 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-enolase Source.165: DFBPPR10411 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit Source.166: DFBPPR10488 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfite oxidase Source.167: DFBPPR10736 ---- Animal proteins ---- Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A1 Source.168: DFBPPR10743 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1 Source.169: DFBPPR10789 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-enolase Source.170: DFBPPR10811 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A Source.171: DFBPPR10824 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-enolase Source.172: DFBPPR10959 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 A-type Source.173: DFBPPR11255 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-crystallin A3 Source.174: DFBPPR11257 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ventral anterior homeobox 1 Source.175: DFBPPR11330 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome activator complex subunit 3 Source.176: DFBPPR11382 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10 Source.177: DFBPPR11555 ---- Animal proteins ---- Choline O-acetyltransferase Source.178: DFBPPR11706 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sine oculis-binding protein homolog Source.179: DFBPPR11709 ---- Animal proteins ---- Xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 1 Source.180: DFBPPR11769 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein Source.181: DFBPPR11891 ---- Animal proteins ---- TBCC domain-containing protein 1 Source.182: DFBPPR11957 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 2 Source.183: DFBPPR12263 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2 Source.184: DFBPPR12267 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Source.185: DFBPPR12269 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 Source.186: DFBPPR12319 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calreticulin Source.187: DFBPPR12360 ---- Animal proteins ---- cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 Source.188: DFBPPR12379 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 Source.189: DFBPPR12412 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 Source.190: DFBPPR12425 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-enolase Source.191: DFBPPR12505 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 Source.192: DFBPPR12545 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galectin-3 Source.193: DFBPPR12947 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aggrecan core protein Source.194: DFBPPR13077 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain Source.195: DFBPPR13091 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cortactin-binding protein 2 Source.196: DFBPPR13119 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ig alpha chain C region Source.197: DFBPPR13205 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagenase 3 Source.198: DFBPPR13272 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform Source.199: DFBPPR13292 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inhibin alpha chain Source.200: DFBPPR13406 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cortactin-binding protein 2 Source.201: DFBPPR13794 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inhibin alpha chain Source.202: DFBPPR13947 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cortactin-binding protein 2 Source.203: DFBPPR13950 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein TOPAZ1 Source.204: DFBPPR14107 ---- Marine protein ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rnf146 Source.205: DFBPPR14187 ---- Marine protein ---- Secreted phosphoprotein 24 Source.206: DFBPPR14536 ---- Marine protein ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2 Source.207: DFBPPR14554 ---- Marine protein ---- Shaker-related potassium channel tsha2 Source.208: DFBPPR14783 ---- Marine protein ---- Enolase Source.209: DFBPPR14850 ---- Marine protein ---- Cuticle protein AMP1B Source.210: DFBPPR14994 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase MEC1 Source.211: DFBPPR15044 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Alcohol dehydrogenase 4, mitochondrial Source.212: DFBPPR15045 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Enolase Source.213: DFBPPR15054 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Autophagy-related protein 9 Source.214: DFBPPR15233 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Autophagy-related protein 20 Source.215: DFBPPR15291 ---- Microorganism protein ---- mRNA-capping enzyme subunit beta Source.216: DFBPPR15302 ---- Microorganism protein ---- mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation factor CLP1 Source.217: DFBPPR15377 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial presequence protease Source.218: DFBPPR15408 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pre-rRNA-processing protein IPI3 Source.219: DFBPPR7767 ---- Plant protein ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase 2, chloroplastic Source.220: DFBPPR7945 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.221: DFBPPR8125 ---- Plant protein ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 Source.222: DFBPPR8250 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

DPP IV-inhibitory activity

The peptide LPVP showed very potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) inhibitory activity with the IC₅₀ value of 87.0 ± 3.2 μM and the DPP-IV inhibition at 1000 μM was 93.3 ± 3.6 %. The results compared with other peptides was as shown in table1.

Table 1 DPP-IV inhibitory concentration of camel milk protein derived peptides.
Peptide sequence	DPP-IV inhibition at 1000 μM (%)	DPP-IV IC₅₀ (μM)	Mode of inhibition ^a
AMPVQAVLP	3.8 ± 2.8	> 1000	not determined
FLQY	40.8 ± 5.3	> 1000	not determined
FQLGASPY	14.1 ± 5.6	> 1000	not determined
ILDKEGIDY	79.0 ± 6.6	347.8 ± 42.8	mixed-type
ILDKVGINY ^b	78.8 ± 5.5	321.5 ± 29.5	mixed-type
ILELA	59.1 ± 2.8	721.1 ± 46.3	competitive
ILELAVVSPIQFR	non measurable	non measurable	not determined
LLQLEAIR	83.6 ± 4.6	177.8 ± 22.2	competitive
LPVP	93.3 ± 3.6	87.0 ± 3.2	competitive
LQALHQGQIV	27.2 ± 5.6	> 1000	not determined
MPVQA	94.0 ± 1.1	93.3 ± 8.0	competitive
VLPVP	-11.8 ± 3.3	> 1000	not determined
SPVVPF	88.3 ± 1.5	214.1 ± 16.7	mixed-type
YPVEPF ^b	95.0 ± 3.0	138.0 ± 15.3	mixed-type

^a The mode of DPP-IV inhibition was determined using the Lineweaver and Burk double reciprocal representation.
^b Homologous peptide from bovine milk proteins.

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptide was obtained from trypsin-treated camel milk protein hydrolysates.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	The peptide LPVP was not degraded during 30 min incubation with DPP-IV at 37 °C. When IPI and LPVP were incubated with DPP-IV, no peptide degradation was observed.
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The peptide LPVP was also found in bovine milk (β-casein, f171-174).

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Nongonierma AB, Paolella S, Mudgil P, Maqsood S, FitzGerald RJ. Identification of novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides in camel milk protein hydrolysates. Food Chem. 2018 Apr 1;244:340-348. PMID: 29120791 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.033
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2018