Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPDPIV0188(DPP IV-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPDPIV0188
Peptide sequence	TTMPLW
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	DPP-IV inhibitory peptide, Anti-diabetic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	DPP-IV inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Antihypertensive activity ^[D2], Immunomodulatory activity ^[D3], Opioid activity ^[D4], Multifunctional activity ^[D5]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Thr-Thr-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp

Single-letter amino acid

TTMPLW

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
747.91 Da	747.90 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

6.01

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.3000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

66.67%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Caprine milk protein
Precursor protein	α_s1-Casein
Residue position	f(194-199)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR7688 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.2: DFBPPR7717 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.3: DFBPPR8488 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

DPP IV-inhibitory activity

The peptide showed weak inhibitory activity against Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5), as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 DPP-IV-inhibitory activity and mode of inhibition of synthesised peptides from caprine casein.^a
Peptide	DPP-IV inhibition (%)				IC₅₀ (μM)	Mode of inhibition
Peptide	500 μM	250 μM	125 μM	62.5 μM	IC₅₀ (μM)	Mode of inhibition
TTMPLW	9.51 ± 1.77	5.86 ± 0.40	3.14 ± 2.32	1.89 ± 1.03	nd	nd
IPI^b	NA	NA	NA	NA	6.36 ± 1.2	Competitive
^a Abbreviations are: nd, not determined; NA, not applicable. DPP-IV inhibition values are measured under assay concentration of peptides. DPP-IV inhibition and IC₅₀ values are means ± standard deviation (n = 3). ^b Inhibitory activity and mode of inhibition of diprotin A are included as reference.

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCSC)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptides were obtained from the trypsin digestion.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI0575
[D2]	DFBPANHY0140, DFBPANHY0974
[D3]	DFBPIMMU0029
[D4]	DFBPOPIO0068
[D5]	DFBPMUFU0137

BIOPEP-UWM

[D6]

3127, 3530, 8172, 9619

APD

[D7]

BioPepDB

[D8]

MBPDB

[D9]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Zhang, Y., Chen, R., Zuo, F., Ma, H., Zhang, Y., Chen, S. Comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory activity of peptides from bovine and caprine milk casein by in silico and in vitro analyses. International Dairy Journal. 2016, 53, 37-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.10.001
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2016