Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPDPIV0189(DPP IV-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPDPIV0189
Peptide sequence	VLPVPQK
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	DPP-IV inhibitory peptide, Anti-diabetic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	DPP-IV inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antioxidative activity ^[D1], Antithrombotic activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Gln-Lys

Single-letter amino acid

VLPVPQK

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
779.98 Da	779.98 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

10.1

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.2286^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

71.43%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Caprine milk protein
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(155-161)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR7692 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.2: DFBPPR7700 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.3: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.4: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

DPP IV-inhibitory activity

The peptide exhibited quite low inhibitory activity against Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5), as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 DPP-IV-inhibitory activity and mode of inhibition of synthesised peptides from caprine casein.^a
Peptide	DPP-IV inhibition (%)				IC₅₀ (μM)	Mode of inhibition
Peptide	500 μM	250 μM	125 μM	62.5 μM	IC₅₀ (μM)	Mode of inhibition
VLPVPQK	5.98 ± 2.91	nd	2.53 ± 2.78	nd	nd	nd
IPI^b	NA	NA	NA	NA	6.36 ± 1.2	Competitive
^a Abbreviations are: nd, not determined; NA, not applicable. DPP-IV inhibition values are measured under assay concentration of peptides. DPP-IV inhibition and IC₅₀ values are means ± standard deviation (n = 3). ^b Inhibitory activity and mode of inhibition of diprotin A are included as reference.

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptides were obtained from the trypsin digestion.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANOX0279
[D2]	DFBPANTH0161
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0658

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Zhang, Y., Chen, R., Zuo, F., Ma, H., Zhang, Y., Chen, S. Comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory activity of peptides from bovine and caprine milk casein by in silico and in vitro analyses. International Dairy Journal. 2016, 53, 37-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.10.001
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2016