Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPDPIV0192(DPP IV-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPDPIV0192
Peptide sequence	IPPL
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	DPP-IV inhibitory peptide, Anti-diabetic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	DPP-IV inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu

Single-letter amino acid

IPPL

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	438.55 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

1.2750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Milk protein
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(89-92)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1000 ---- Plant proteins ---- Flowering time control protein FCA Source.2: DFBPPR1414 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein D1 Source.3: DFBPPR1546 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium transporter 1 Source.4: DFBPPR1575 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutathione reductase, cytosolic Source.5: DFBPPR1837 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-transporting ATPase 3, plasma membrane-type Source.6: DFBPPR1974 ---- Plant proteins ---- U-box domain-containing protein 12 Source.7: DFBPPR2071 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 11 Source.8: DFBPPR2121 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein D5 Source.9: DFBPPR2789 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.10: DFBPPR2892 ---- Plant proteins ---- 30S ribosomal protein S18, chloroplastic Source.11: DFBPPR3425 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1 Source.12: DFBPPR3667 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable NAD kinase 2, chloroplastic Source.13: DFBPPR3770 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 51 Source.14: DFBPPR4156 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP3-3 Source.15: DFBPPR4205 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 24 Source.16: DFBPPR4332 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform Source.17: DFBPPR4481 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 12 Source.18: DFBPPR4872 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative B3 domain-containing protein Os10g0158600 Source.19: DFBPPR4944 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein LFL1 Source.20: DFBPPR5258 ---- Plant proteins ---- 50S ribosomal protein L23, chloroplastic Source.21: DFBPPR5814 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.22: DFBPPR5949 ---- Plant proteins ---- Polycomb group protein FIE1 Source.23: DFBPPR6171 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uncharacterized 39 kDa protein in mitochondrial S-1 and S-2 DNA Source.24: DFBPPR6288 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutathione reductase, cytosolic Source.25: DFBPPR6831 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.26: DFBPPR7187 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.27: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.28: DFBPPR8430 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.29: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.30: DFBPPR15959 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinoid isomerohydrolase Source.31: DFBPPR16019 ---- Animal proteins ---- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Source.32: DFBPPR16034 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.33: DFBPPR16039 ---- Animal proteins ---- Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein homolog Source.34: DFBPPR16221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Xylosyltransferase 2 Source.35: DFBPPR16232 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5D Source.36: DFBPPR16236 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D Source.37: DFBPPR16467 ---- Animal proteins ---- Opticin Source.38: DFBPPR16647 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tudor domain-containing protein 7 Source.39: DFBPPR16678 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A Source.40: DFBPPR16705 ---- Animal proteins ---- G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 Source.41: DFBPPR16932 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta Source.42: DFBPPR17002 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinoid isomerohydrolase Source.43: DFBPPR17033 ---- Animal proteins ---- Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD2 Source.44: DFBPPR17127 ---- Animal proteins ---- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Source.45: DFBPPR17266 ---- Animal proteins ---- WASH complex subunit 1 Source.46: DFBPPR17313 ---- Animal proteins ---- Exostosin-1 Source.47: DFBPPR17807 ---- Animal proteins ---- Opticin Source.48: DFBPPR17950 ---- Animal proteins ---- Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 40 Source.49: DFBPPR18111 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcriptional adapter 3 Source.50: DFBPPR18207 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-7 Source.51: DFBPPR18593 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pigment epithelium-derived factor Source.52: DFBPPR18779 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mucin-15 Source.53: DFBPPR18842 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 7 Source.54: DFBPPR19183 ---- Animal proteins ---- Testis anion transporter 1 Source.55: DFBPPR19437 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 59 Source.56: DFBPPR19622 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 1 Source.57: DFBPPR20246 ---- Animal proteins ---- Epsilon-sarcoglycan Source.58: DFBPPR20619 ---- Animal proteins ---- Extracellular matrix protein 2 Source.59: DFBPPR20777 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 2 Source.60: DFBPPR20888 ---- Animal proteins ---- Translocon-associated protein subunit delta Source.61: DFBPPR20981 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tudor domain-containing protein 7 Source.62: DFBPPR21154 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proton-activated chloride channel Source.63: DFBPPR21235 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 231 Source.64: DFBPPR21390 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho GTPase-activating protein 15 Source.65: DFBPPR22751 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C8orf74 homolog Source.66: DFBPPR8776 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1 Source.67: DFBPPR9034 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carbohydrate-binding protein AWN Source.68: DFBPPR9228 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D Source.69: DFBPPR9707 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-7 Source.70: DFBPPR9942 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proline-rich protein 3 Source.71: DFBPPR10119 ---- Animal proteins ---- Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule homolog Source.72: DFBPPR10181 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinoid isomerohydrolase Source.73: DFBPPR10356 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA cytosine-C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2 Source.74: DFBPPR10545 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcriptional activator GLI3 Source.75: DFBPPR10579 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5B Source.76: DFBPPR10652 ---- Animal proteins ---- Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase Source.77: DFBPPR10671 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 65 Source.78: DFBPPR10930 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 48 Source.79: DFBPPR10958 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock cognate protein HSP 90-beta Source.80: DFBPPR11096 ---- Animal proteins ---- WASH complex subunit 1 Source.81: DFBPPR11123 ---- Animal proteins ---- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Source.82: DFBPPR11172 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein transport protein Sec16B Source.83: DFBPPR11595 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1B Source.84: DFBPPR11601 ---- Animal proteins ---- TBC domain-containing protein kinase-like protein Source.85: DFBPPR11886 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactory receptor-like protein COR9 Source.86: DFBPPR12234 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rab9 effector protein with kelch motifs Source.87: DFBPPR12347 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.88: DFBPPR12407 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta Source.89: DFBPPR12570 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D Source.90: DFBPPR12668 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anion exchange protein 3 Source.91: DFBPPR12907 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 Source.92: DFBPPR13147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta Source.93: DFBPPR13350 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carbohydrate-binding protein AWN Source.94: DFBPPR13671 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-7 Source.95: DFBPPR13682 ---- Animal proteins ---- Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 40 Source.96: DFBPPR13775 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.97: DFBPPR14092 ---- Marine protein ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1 B Source.98: DFBPPR14094 ---- Marine protein ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1 C Source.99: DFBPPR14101 ---- Marine protein ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1 A Source.100: DFBPPR14190 ---- Marine protein ---- Zinc finger CCCH-type with G patch domain-containing protein Source.101: DFBPPR14333 ---- Marine protein ---- Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase Source.102: DFBPPR14902 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Lysophospholipase Source.103: DFBPPR14943 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Nuclear protein localization protein 4 Source.104: DFBPPR14958 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase HAS1 Source.105: DFBPPR15112 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing ATP-dependent RNA helicase PRP28 Source.106: DFBPPR15319 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glucose transport transcription regulator RGT1 Source.107: DFBPPR15373 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protoheme IX farnesyltransferase, mitochondrial Source.108: DFBPPR15842 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pyranose dehydrogenase Source.109: DFBPPR7796 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.110: DFBPPR8041 ---- Plant protein ---- Nitrate reductase [NADH] 2 Source.111: DFBPPR8250 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.112: DFBPPR8299 ---- Plant protein ---- 50S ribosomal protein L23, chloroplastic
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

DPP IV-inhibitory activity	The peptide showed moderate inhibitory activity against Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) with the IC₅₀ value of 428.9 ± 36.1 μM, and its DPP-IV inhibitory pattern was shown by Lineweaver–Burk plots to be a uncompetitive inhibition pattern.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Dipeptidyl peptidase 4

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptide IPM was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Ulm, Germany).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Peptides present within the gastrointestinal tract of human may have promise for the development of natural DPP-IV inhibitors for the management of serum glucose.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Structure activity relationship modelling of milk protein-derived peptides with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. Peptides. 2016 May;79:1-7. PMID: 26988873 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.005
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2016