Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPHYCP0005(Hypocholesterolemic peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPHYCP0005
Peptide sequence	IAVP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Hypocholesterolemic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Hypocholesterolemic activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ile-Ala-Val-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

IAVP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	398.49 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

2.2250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Soy protein
Precursor protein	11S globulin
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0842 ---- Plant proteins ---- BTB/POZ domain and ankyrin repeat-containing protein NPR1 Source.2: DFBPPR0968 ---- Plant proteins ---- Polyamine oxidase 3 Source.3: DFBPPR1070 ---- Plant proteins ---- Vacuolar iron transporter 1 Source.4: DFBPPR1583 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.5: DFBPPR1861 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-25 Source.6: DFBPPR2009 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-14 Source.7: DFBPPR2098 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 Source.8: DFBPPR2142 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4 Source.9: DFBPPR2201 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aspartyl protease 37 Source.10: DFBPPR2437 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sialyltransferase-like protein 1 Source.11: DFBPPR2715 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 77 Source.12: DFBPPR2904 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tryptamine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 2 Source.13: DFBPPR2912 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable auxin efflux carrier component 3b Source.14: DFBPPR3447 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative potassium transporter 8 Source.15: DFBPPR3482 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable inactive heme oxygenase 2, chloroplastic Source.16: DFBPPR3503 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14P Source.17: DFBPPR3505 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosome biogenesis protein WDR12 homolog Source.18: DFBPPR3825 ---- Plant proteins ---- Amino-acid permease BAT1 homolog Source.19: DFBPPR4252 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 2A1 Source.20: DFBPPR4586 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein MEI2-like 2 Source.21: DFBPPR4890 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 48 Source.22: DFBPPR4965 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glycinin G1 Source.23: DFBPPR4973 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glycinin G2 Source.24: DFBPPR4992 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glycinin G3 Source.25: DFBPPR5011 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1A Source.26: DFBPPR5019 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.27: DFBPPR5042 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1B Source.28: DFBPPR5067 ---- Plant proteins ---- Amidophosphoribosyltransferase, chloroplastic Source.29: DFBPPR5195 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1C Source.30: DFBPPR5390 ---- Plant proteins ---- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1, chloroplastic Source.31: DFBPPR5582 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.32: DFBPPR5780 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 71C3 Source.33: DFBPPR6296 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.34: DFBPPR6380 ---- Plant proteins ---- Legumin A Source.35: DFBPPR6425 ---- Plant proteins ---- Legumin A2 Source.36: DFBPPR6672 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 3 Source.37: DFBPPR6676 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.38: DFBPPR6787 ---- Plant proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 Source.39: DFBPPR7603 ---- Milk proteins ---- Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase Source.40: DFBPPR8413 ---- Plant proteins ---- Arachin Ahy-3 Source.41: DFBPPR17796 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA damage-binding protein 1 Source.42: DFBPPR18737 ---- Animal proteins ---- Centrosomal protein of 120 kDa Source.43: DFBPPR18789 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 Source.44: DFBPPR18948 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL1 Source.45: DFBPPR19154 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 2 Source.46: DFBPPR19580 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endosomal/lysosomal potassium channel TMEM175 Source.47: DFBPPR20172 ---- Animal proteins ---- NF-kappa-B inhibitor zeta Source.48: DFBPPR20721 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myomesin-1 Source.49: DFBPPR20825 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.50: DFBPPR21370 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipase maturation factor 2 Source.51: DFBPPR21433 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-fold modifier-conjugating enzyme 1 Source.52: DFBPPR21661 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arginine/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 2 Source.53: DFBPPR21727 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L1, mitochondrial Source.54: DFBPPR10220 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paxillin Source.55: DFBPPR10392 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor p65 Source.56: DFBPPR10564 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA damage-binding protein 1 Source.57: DFBPPR10648 ---- Animal proteins ---- PAN2-PAN3 deadenylation complex catalytic subunit PAN2 Source.58: DFBPPR11119 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5 Source.59: DFBPPR11530 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A4 Source.60: DFBPPR11561 ---- Animal proteins ---- Microtubule-associated protein 6 homolog Source.61: DFBPPR11888 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 14 Source.62: DFBPPR11981 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP130 Source.63: DFBPPR12020 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipase maturation factor 2 Source.64: DFBPPR12450 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B Source.65: DFBPPR12749 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 Source.66: DFBPPR13368 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A Source.67: DFBPPR13782 ---- Animal proteins ---- BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog Source.68: DFBPPR15221 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial Source.69: DFBPPR15288 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A activator 2 Source.70: DFBPPR15407 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial escape protein 2 Source.71: DFBPPR15501 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Plasma membrane fusion protein PRM1 Source.72: DFBPPR7766 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Hypocholesterolemic activity

The concentration of IAVP required for 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) of Syrian hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR, EC 1.1.1.88) activity in given experimental conditions was 340 uM.
Kinetic analysis revealed that the studied peptide is a competitive inhibitor of HMGR with respect to both 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), with an equilibrium constant of inhibitor binding (K_i = [E][I]/[EI] of 61 ± 1.2 uM and 157 ± 4.4 uM , respectively. At the same conditions, K_i and IC₅₀ for lovastatin were 2.2 ± 0.1 nM and 12.5 nM, respectively. Thus, the given peptide interacts with HMGR as a bisubstrate, consequently blocking access of both substrates to the active sites.
The achieved results suggest the design of new peptide sequences having a higher relative affinity to binding sites of this enzyme and an enhancement of their hypocholesterolemic properties.
An in vitro test for measuring HMGR inhibition showed that the synthesized peptide IAVP spossessed hypocholesterinemic properties. According to the results, the IC₅₀ for IAVP was measured as 59.3 μM ^[1].

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthetic peptide
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Synthesis of peptides was performed using standard fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) methodology on an automated synthesizer in an Applied Biosystem Peptide Synthesizer (Model 433A, Perkin Elmer, Foster, CA, USA).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Pak, V., Koo, M., Lee, N., Oh, S.K., Kim, M.S., Lee, J.S., et al. Hypocholesterolemic soybean peptide (IAVP) inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in a competitive manner. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2005, 14, 727-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2005.04.007
Other literature(s)	[1] V. V. Pak, M. Koo, N. Lee, et al. Structure—Activity Relationships of the Peptide Ile-Ala-Val-Pro and Its Derivatives Revealed Using the Semi-Empirical AM1 Method[J]. chemistry of natural compounds, 2005, 41(4):454-460.
PubDate	2005