Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPHYCP0021(Hypocholesterolemic peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPHYCP0021
Peptide sequence	GQEQSHQDEGVIVR
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Hypocholesterolemic peptide, T9

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Hypocholesterolemic activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Gln-Glu-Gln-Ser-His-Gln-Asp-Glu-Gly-Val-Ile-Val-Arg

Single-letter amino acid

GQEQSHQDEGVIVR

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	1581.67 Da ^c

Net charge

-2

Isoelectric point (pI)

4.3

IC₅₀

99.5 ± 0.56 μM

pIC₅₀

-1.998

GRAVY

-1.2429^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

35.71%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Lupin
Precursor protein	β-conglutin
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0009 ---- Plant protein ---- Conglutin beta 1
Link-research Inductive analysis	Link 1: DFBPHYCP0019----Freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea)----Freshwater clam muscle protein

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Hypocholesterolemic activity

The present study demonstrates that T9 inhibits in vitro the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCoAR) functionality with an IC₅₀ value of 99.5 ± 0.56 μM. Through the inhibition of either HMGCoAR or PCSK9 (D374Y) activities, T9 enhances the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein levels leading to an improved ability of HepG2 cells transfected with the mutant PCSK9 (D374Y)-FLAG plasmid to uptake extracellular low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with a final cholesterol-lowering effect. In addition, T9 modulates the PCSK9 (D374Y) signaling pathway in transfected HepG2 cells leading to a decrease of PCSK9(D374Y) and HNF-1 alpha protein levels.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Lupin beta-conglutin was hydrolyzed with trypsin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The hypocholesterolemic effects of T9 are due to a dual mechanism of action involving either the modulation of the PCSK9(D374Y) or LDLR pathways.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Lammi C, Bollati C, Lecca D, Abbracchio MP, Arnoldi A. Lupin Peptide T9 (GQEQSHQDEGVIVR) Modulates the Mutant PCSK9D374Y Pathway: in vitro Characterization of its Dual Hypocholesterolemic Behavior. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 20;11(7):1665. PMID: PMC6683083 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071665
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2019