Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPICPE0003(Ileum contracting peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPICPE0003
Peptide sequence	ASHLGLAR
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Ileum contracting peptide, Smooth muscles contracting peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Ileum-contracting activity
Otheir bioactivity	Immunomodulatory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ala-Ser-His-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg

Single-letter amino acid

ASHLGLAR

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	823.93 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.2875^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

62.5%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine
Precursor protein	κ-Casein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	No matching precursor protein found
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Ileum contracting activity

The peptide ASHLGLAR evokes contraction of the ileal strips.

Table 1. Sturcture–activity relationships of casoxin C in terms of ileum-contracting activites.
Sequence		Rapid		Slow
Sequence		EC₅₀ ± SE (μM)	n	EC₅₀ ± SE (μM)	n
C3a (70-77)	ASHLGLAR	16 ± 5.1	4	1.6 ± 0.40	4
Casoxin C	YIPIQYVLSR	25 ± 8.1	3	1.5 ± 0.22	3
	YVLSR	> 1000	3	28 ± 2.3	3
	VLSR	*	2	> 1000	3
	YIPIQYVLS	*	2	*	2
Number of guinea pigs used = n. * No contraction at 1 mM.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Peptides were synthesized by the Fmoc strategy using a Sam 2 peptide synthesizer (Biosearch, Inc.). The peptides were purified by reversed-phase HPLC on an octadecyl silica column.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPIMMU0049
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0760

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Takahashi M, Moriguchi S, Suganuma H, Shiota A, Tani F, Usui H, Kurahashi K, Sasaki R, Yoshikawa M. Identification of casoxin C, an ileum-contracting peptide derived from bovine kappa-casein, as an agonist for C3a receptors. Peptides. 1997;18(3):329-36. PMID: 9145417 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00044-2
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	1997