Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPICPE0004(Ileum contracting peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPICPE0004
Peptide sequence	YVLSR
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Ileum contracting peptide, Smooth muscles contracting peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Ileum-contracting activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Val-Leu-Ser-Arg

Single-letter amino acid

YVLSR

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	636.74 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

9.82 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.2800^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

40%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine
Precursor protein	κ-Casein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR3969 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable sodium/metabolite cotransporter BASS1, chloroplastic Source.2: DFBPPR4369 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plant intracellular Ras-group-related LRR protein 2 Source.3: DFBPPR4631 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os03g0620500 Source.4: DFBPPR4739 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os03g0620400 Source.5: DFBPPR4851 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os03g0619800 Source.6: DFBPPR4857 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os03g0619600 Source.7: DFBPPR7686 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.8: DFBPPR7695 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.9: DFBPPR7715 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.10: DFBPPR8492 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.11: DFBPPR19457 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein NDRG2
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Ileum contracting activity

The peptide YVLSR exhibits weak stimulatory activity on ileal contraction.

Table 1. Sturcture–activity relationships of casoxin C in terms of ileum-contracting activites.
Sequence		Rapid		Slow
Sequence		EC₅₀ ± SE (μM)	n	EC₅₀ ± SE (μM)	n
C3a (70-77)	ASHLGLAR	16 ± 5.1	4	1.6 ± 0.40	4
Casoxin C	YIPIQYVLSR	25 ± 8.1	3	1.5 ± 0.22	3
	YVLSR	> 1000	3	28 ± 2.3	3
	VLSR	*	2	> 1000	3
	YIPIQYVLS	*	2	*	2
Number of guinea pigs used = n. * No contraction at 1 mM.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Peptides were synthesized by the Fmoc strategy using a Sam 2 peptide synthesizer (Biosearch, Inc.). The peptides were purified by reversed-phase HPLC on an octadecyl silica column.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Takahashi M, Moriguchi S, Suganuma H, Shiota A, Tani F, Usui H, Kurahashi K, Sasaki R, Yoshikawa M. Identification of casoxin C, an ileum-contracting peptide derived from bovine kappa-casein, as an agonist for C3a receptors. Peptides. 1997;18(3):329-36. PMID: 9145417 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00044-2
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	1997