Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPIMMU0032(Immunomodulatory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPIMMU0032
Peptide sequence	PGPIPN
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Immunomodulatory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Immunomodulatory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Anticancer activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile-Pro-Asn

Single-letter amino acid

PGPIPN

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	593.67 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.7000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

83.33%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(63-68)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Immunomodulatory activity	Synthetic peptides stimulated in vitro phagocytic activity of murine and of human macrophages and exerted in vivo a protective effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection of mice.
Specific target protein(s)	N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Hydrolysis with Trypsin or Chymosin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANCA0335
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0719

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Migliore-Samour D, Floc'h F, Jollès P. Biologically active casein peptides implicated in immunomodulation. J Dairy Res. 1989;56(3):357-62. PMID: 2668358 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900028806
Other literature(s)	[1] Park Y W. Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products[M]. 2009. [2] Meisel H . Overview on Milk Protein-derived Peptides[J]. International Dairy Journal, 1998, 8(5-6):363-373.
PubDate	1989