Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPIMMU0034(Immunomodulatory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPIMMU0034
Peptide sequence	TKPR
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Immunomodulatory peptide, Tuftsin

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Immunomodulatory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Anticancer activity ^[D1]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg

Single-letter amino acid

TKPR

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	500.59 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.54 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-2.6750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

25%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Synthesis
Organism/Source	Synthesis
Precursor protein	Synthesis of all peptides was carried out according to the solid phase procedure by using a t-Boc protection on a 9500 peptide synthesizer (MilliGen/Biosearch).
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0905 ---- Plant proteins ---- Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase Source.2: DFBPPR0937 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamate synthase 1 [NADH], chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR1391 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3 Source.4: DFBPPR2536 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor B-4c Source.5: DFBPPR2604 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 10 Source.6: DFBPPR3177 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two-component response regulator ORR4 Source.7: DFBPPR4337 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thioredoxin-like fold domain-containing protein MRL7 homolog, chloroplastic Source.8: DFBPPR4542 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 59 Source.9: DFBPPR6333 ---- Plant proteins ---- Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 2 Source.10: DFBPPR7643 ---- Milk proteins ---- MICAL-like protein 1 Source.11: DFBPPR8518 ---- Milk proteins ---- MICAL-like protein 1 Source.12: DFBPPR16131 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pyruvate kinase PKLR Source.13: DFBPPR16795 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-3 complex subunit delta-1 Source.14: DFBPPR16857 ---- Animal proteins ---- Plasma serine protease inhibitor Source.15: DFBPPR17332 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein odd-skipped-related 1 Source.16: DFBPPR18060 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2',5'-phosphodiesterase 12 Source.17: DFBPPR18364 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inhibitor of growth protein 4 Source.18: DFBPPR19473 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 Source.19: DFBPPR19576 ---- Animal proteins ---- TBC1 domain family member 20 Source.20: DFBPPR19719 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 3 Source.21: DFBPPR21006 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5A Source.22: DFBPPR21992 ---- Animal proteins ---- Intraflagellar transport-associated protein Source.23: DFBPPR22349 ---- Animal proteins ---- PHD finger protein 11 Source.24: DFBPPR22439 ---- Animal proteins ---- PI-PLC X domain-containing protein 3 Source.25: DFBPPR22637 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 61 Source.26: DFBPPR8613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyroglobulin Source.27: DFBPPR8710 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leptin receptor Source.28: DFBPPR8742 ---- Animal proteins ---- Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 Source.29: DFBPPR9296 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcobalamin-1 Source.30: DFBPPR9603 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 Source.31: DFBPPR10192 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 Source.32: DFBPPR10245 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone deacetylase 4 Source.33: DFBPPR10330 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase eta Source.34: DFBPPR10603 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain Source.35: DFBPPR10611 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inhibitor of growth protein 4 Source.36: DFBPPR10925 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 Source.37: DFBPPR11041 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 Source.38: DFBPPR11215 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein PLAG1 Source.39: DFBPPR11480 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 1A2 Source.40: DFBPPR11829 ---- Animal proteins ---- Melatonin receptor type 1B Source.41: DFBPPR12219 ---- Animal proteins ---- PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 Source.42: DFBPPR12282 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 1A1 Source.43: DFBPPR13356 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 Source.44: DFBPPR15021 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 Source.45: DFBPPR15566 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Autophagy-related protein 32 Source.46: DFBPPR15629 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Transcription activator MSS11
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Immunomodulatory activity	Tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) and its tetrapeptide analogues with the same amino acid composition, but different sequences, demonstrate immunosuppressive activity for the humoral, but not (excepting the Thr-Lys-Arg-Pro tetrapeptide) for the cellular, immune response.
Specific target protein(s)	N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	No prediction can be made about the peptide bitterness. ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	No enzyme

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANCA0343

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Wieczorek, Z., Zimecki, M., Słoń, J.J., Siemion, I.Z. The immunomodulatory activity of tetra- and tripeptides of tuftsin-kentsin group. Peptides. 1994, 15, 215-21. DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(94)90005-1
Other literature(s)	[1] Nishioka K, Constantopoulos A, Satoh P S, et al. The characteristics, isolation and synthesis of the phagocytosis stimulating peptide tuftsin.[J]. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications, 1972, 47(1):172-179.
PubDate	1994