Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPOPIO0057(Opioid peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPOPIO0057
Peptide sequence	YPWTQRF
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Opioid peptide, Hemorphin-7

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Opioid activity
Otheir bioactivity	DPP IV-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln-Arg-Phe

Single-letter amino acid

YPWTQRF

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	997.12 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

9.82 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-1.3857^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

42.86%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine
Precursor protein	Hemoglobin β-chain
Residue position	f(34-40)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR16275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.2: DFBPPR16779 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.3: DFBPPR16819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.4: DFBPPR18509 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.5: DFBPPR19968 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon-4 Source.6: DFBPPR8940 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.7: DFBPPR9275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.8: DFBPPR9704 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit theta Source.9: DFBPPR10352 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.10: DFBPPR10757 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.11: DFBPPR10957 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit rho Source.12: DFBPPR12445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-1/2 Source.13: DFBPPR12812 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit gamma Source.14: DFBPPR12916 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.15: DFBPPR13247 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.16: DFBPPR13439 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-A Source.17: DFBPPR13453 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-C Source.18: DFBPPR13465 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.19: DFBPPR13470 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon-2 Source.20: DFBPPR13474 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon-1 Source.21: DFBPPR13618 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.22: DFBPPR13695 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-C Source.23: DFBPPR13859 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.24: DFBPPR13989 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-A/B
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Opioid activity

The peptide YPWTQRF was specific ligands for the u-receptor and showed potent opioid activity, as shown in table 1.

Table 1 Opioid activity of YPWTQRF and various hemorphins.
Peptide	Potencies in the GPI IC₅₀-values (uM)	Affinities for binding sites IC₅₀-values (uM)		References
Peptide	Potencies in the GPI IC₅₀-values (uM)	[³H]naloxone	[³H]DAGO	References
YPWT	45.2	n.d.	3.46	[1]
YPWTQ	46.1	n.d.	n.d.
YPWTQR	4.3	n.d.	2.00
YPWTQRF	2.9	1.78	1.30
VVYPWTQRF	34.3	15.2	53.8
LVVYPWTQRF	29.1	30.7	n.d.

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Mu-type opioid receptor

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Hydrolysis with pepsin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPDPIV0226
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0737

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Zhao Q, Garreau I, Sannier F, Piot JM. Opioid peptides derived from hemoglobin: hemorphins. Biopolymers. 1997;43(2):75-98. PMID: 9216245 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(1997)43:2<75::AID-BIP2>3.0.CO;2-X
Other literature(s)	[1] Garreau I, Zhao Q, Pejoan C, et al. VV-hemorphin-7 and LVV-hemorphin-7 released during in vitro peptic hemoglobin hydrolysis are morphinomimetic peptides.[J]. Neuropeptides, 1995, 28(4):243. [2] Nyberg F, Sanderson K, Glämsta E L. The hemorphins: a new class of opioid peptides derived from the blood protein hemoglobin.[J]. Peptide Science, 1997, 43(2):147-156.
PubDate	1997