Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPOPIO0060(Opioid peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPOPIO0060
Peptide sequence	YPWT
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Opioid peptide, Hemorphin-4

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Opioid activity
Otheir bioactivity	DPP IV-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr

Single-letter amino acid

YPWT

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	565.62 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-1.1250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine
Precursor protein	Hemoglobin β-chain
Residue position	f(34-37)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1455 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 5 [UDP-forming] Source.2: DFBPPR1462 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 6 [UDP-forming] Source.3: DFBPPR7632 ---- Milk proteins ---- Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 Source.4: DFBPPR16275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.5: DFBPPR16779 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.6: DFBPPR16819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.7: DFBPPR18101 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA annealing helicase and endonuclease ZRANB3 Source.8: DFBPPR18509 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.9: DFBPPR19968 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon-4 Source.10: DFBPPR20971 ---- Animal proteins ---- BPI fold-containing family B member 1 Source.11: DFBPPR21192 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oxidation resistance protein 1 Source.12: DFBPPR21857 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 2 Source.13: DFBPPR8940 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.14: DFBPPR9275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.15: DFBPPR9704 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit theta Source.16: DFBPPR10352 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.17: DFBPPR10757 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.18: DFBPPR10957 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit rho Source.19: DFBPPR12445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-1/2 Source.20: DFBPPR12812 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit gamma Source.21: DFBPPR12916 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.22: DFBPPR13247 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.23: DFBPPR13439 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-A Source.24: DFBPPR13453 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-C Source.25: DFBPPR13465 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.26: DFBPPR13470 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon-2 Source.27: DFBPPR13474 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon-1 Source.28: DFBPPR13618 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.29: DFBPPR13695 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-C Source.30: DFBPPR13859 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.31: DFBPPR13989 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-A/B Source.32: DFBPPR14589 ---- Marine protein ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-1 Source.33: DFBPPR14865 ---- Marine protein ---- Hemoglobin cathodic subunit beta Source.34: DFBPPR15725 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein DML1 Source.35: DFBPPR7756 ---- Plant protein ---- P-(S)-hydroxymandelonitrile lyase
Link-research Inductive analysis	Link 1: DFBPOPIO0025----Bovine----Hemoglobin β-chain

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Opioid activity

The peptide YPWT was specific ligands for the u-receptor and showed opioid activity, as shown in table 1.

Table 1 Opioid activity of YPWT and various hemorphins.
Peptide	Potencies in the GPI IC₅₀-values (uM)	Affinities for binding sites IC₅₀-values (uM)		References
Peptide	Potencies in the GPI IC₅₀-values (uM)	[³H]naloxone	[³H]DAGO	References
YPWT	45.2	n.d.	3.46	[1]
YPWTQ	46.1	n.d.	n.d.
YPWTQR	4.3	n.d.	2.00
YPWTQRF	2.9	1.78	1.30
VVYPWTQRF	34.3	15.2	53.8
LVVYPWTQRF	29.1	30.7	n.d.

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Mu-type opioid receptor

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Hydrolysis with pepsin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPDPIV0222
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0735

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Zhao Q, Garreau I, Sannier F, Piot JM. Opioid peptides derived from hemoglobin: hemorphins. Biopolymers. 1997;43(2):75-98. PMID: 9216245 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(1997)43:2<75::AID-BIP2>3.0.CO;2-X
Other literature(s)	[1] Garreau I, Zhao Q, Pejoan C, et al. VV-hemorphin-7 and LVV-hemorphin-7 released during in vitro peptic hemoglobin hydrolysis are morphinomimetic peptides.[J]. Neuropeptides, 1995, 28(4):243.
PubDate	1997