Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPOPIO0129(Opioid peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPOPIO0129
Peptide sequence	YPSY
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Opioid peptide, Casoxin-4

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Opioid activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Pro-Ser-Tyr

Single-letter amino acid

YPSY

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	528.55 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.87 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-1.2500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

25%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk protein
Precursor protein	κ-Casein
Residue position	f(35-38)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1630 ---- Plant proteins ---- Exportin-T Source.2: DFBPPR2141 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase 1, chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR2201 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aspartyl protease 37 Source.4: DFBPPR3614 ---- Plant proteins ---- Prolamin PPROL 17D Source.5: DFBPPR3809 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 52A Source.6: DFBPPR4945 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase 2, chloroplastic Source.7: DFBPPR4967 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Source.8: DFBPPR5986 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Source.9: DFBPPR6826 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Tri a 17 Source.10: DFBPPR7043 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Source.11: DFBPPR7663 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.12: DFBPPR7686 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.13: DFBPPR7695 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.14: DFBPPR7715 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.15: DFBPPR8492 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.16: DFBPPR16334 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase Source.17: DFBPPR16485 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin S Source.18: DFBPPR16963 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase Source.19: DFBPPR17471 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interstitial collagenase Source.20: DFBPPR17754 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amelogenin, X isoform Source.21: DFBPPR18323 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor E2F7 Source.22: DFBPPR18499 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase Source.23: DFBPPR18730 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eyes absent homolog 2 Source.24: DFBPPR18850 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein transport protein Sec24A Source.25: DFBPPR19030 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM83D Source.26: DFBPPR20673 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trafficking protein particle complex subunit 9 Source.27: DFBPPR21010 ---- Animal proteins ---- Store-operated calcium entry-associated regulatory factor Source.28: DFBPPR21187 ---- Animal proteins ---- Plasmolipin Source.29: DFBPPR21432 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amelogenin, Y isoform Source.30: DFBPPR21838 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim17-B Source.31: DFBPPR22761 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C10orf120 homolog Source.32: DFBPPR8856 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase Source.33: DFBPPR9954 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tolloid-like protein 1 Source.34: DFBPPR9994 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit Source.35: DFBPPR10265 ---- Animal proteins ---- GATA-binding factor 2 Source.36: DFBPPR10625 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 Source.37: DFBPPR10973 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 homolog Source.38: DFBPPR11601 ---- Animal proteins ---- TBC domain-containing protein kinase-like protein Source.39: DFBPPR12031 ---- Animal proteins ---- Exportin-7 Source.40: DFBPPR13339 ---- Animal proteins ---- Runt-related transcription factor 2 Source.41: DFBPPR13818 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin-associated protein 7-1 Source.42: DFBPPR15095 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1 Source.43: DFBPPR15109 ---- Microorganism protein ---- GPI inositol-deacylase
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Opioid activity

YPSY showed weak opioid antagonist activity for μ-opiate receptor with an IC₅₀ value of 140 μM, but the activity was increased by adding -OCH₃ at the C-terminal. As shown in table 1.

Table 1 Opioid antagonist activities of peptide.
Peptide	Receptor assay ^a, IC₅₀, μM	GPI assay ^b, A₂, μM
YPSY	140	400
YPSY-OCH₃	10	2.0

^a Radioreceptor test performed in presence of 1 nM [³H]naloxone.
^b Concentration of opioid antagonist to make the IC₅₀ value of μ-receptor specific opioid agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Glyol (DAGO) two-fold in the guinea pig ileum assay.

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Mu-type opioid receptor

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis peptide
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Peptide fragments of κ-casein were synthesized with a Sam 2 peptide synthesizer (Biosearch Inc.) by the t-Boc method.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Chiba H, Tani F, Yoshikawa M. Opioid antagonist peptides derived from kappa-casein. J Dairy Res. 1989;56(3):363-6. PMID: 2760302 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900028818
Other literature(s)	[1] Meisel H, Frister H, Schlimme E. Biologically active peptides in milk proteins.[J]. Zeitschrift Für Ernährungswissenschaft, 1989, 28(4):267. [2] Schlimme E, Meisel H. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins. Structural, physiological and analytical aspects.[J]. Nahrung, 1995, 39(1):1-20.
PubDate	1989