Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPOPIO0144(Opioid peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPOPIO0144
Peptide sequence	YPFPGPIPN
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Opioid peptide, [Pro⁶⁷]-β-Casomorphin-9

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Opioid activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Antihypertensive activity ^[D2], DPP IV-inhibitory activity ^[D3], Multifunctional activity ^[D4]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile-Pro-Asn

Single-letter amino acid

YPFPGPIPN

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	1001.14 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.4778^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

77.78%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk protien
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(60-68)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Opioid activity

[Pro⁶⁷]-β-Casomorphin-9 showed stronger opioid activity and was opioid μ-receptor ligands (Receptor affinity IC₅₀ = 11 μM) with agonistic activities (Opioid activity in GPI assay IC₅₀ = 4.3 μM). β-CMs of [His⁶⁷]-type was more active than those of [Pro⁶⁷]-type. As shown in table 1.

Table 1 Opioid activity of β-CMs
Peptides	Opioid activity in GPI assay IC₅₀ (μM)	Receptor affinity IC₅₀ (μM)	References
[His⁶⁷]-β-Casomorphin-9 (YPFPGPIHN)	3.3	3.3	—
[Pro⁶⁷]-β-Casomorphin-9 (YPFPGPIPN)	4.3	11	—
[Pro⁶⁷]-β-Casomorphin-9 (YPFPGPIPN)	Opioid agonist		[1]

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Mu-type opioid receptor

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	To simulate in vivo digestion, bovine β-casein was digested by pepsin, pancreatin (or chymotrypsin, or trypsin) and then by leucine aminopeptidase (LAP).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The sequence of bovine β-casein (59-81) is -LVYPFPGPI-Pro⁶⁷/His⁶⁷-NSLPQNIPPLTQTP-.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI0662, DFBPACEI1470
[D2]	DFBPANHY0575
[D3]	DFBPDPIV0072
[D4]	DFBPMUFU0146

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

[D8]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Jinsmaa Y, Yoshikawa M. Enzymatic release of neocasomorphin and beta-casomorphin from bovine beta-casein. Peptides. 1999;20(8):957-62. PMID: 10503774 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(99)00088-1
Other literature(s)	[1] Kostyra E, Sienkiewiczsz┅apka E, Jarmo┅owska B, et al. Opioid peptides derived from milk proteins.[J]. Polish Journal of Food & Nutrition Sciences, 2004.
PubDate	1999