Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPRENI0003(Renin-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPRENI0003
Peptide sequence	RALP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Renin-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Renin-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Antihypertensive activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Arg-Ala-Leu-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

RALP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
456.1 Da	455.54 Da ^c

Net charge

+1 ^[1]

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04 ^[1]

IC₅₀

970 μM

pIC₅₀

-2.987

GRAVY

-0.1250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Rapeseed
Precursor protein	Cruciferin
Residue position	f(462-465)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0979 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase Source.2: DFBPPR1089 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEIN 2 Source.3: DFBPPR1096 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peptide deformylase 1B, chloroplastic Source.4: DFBPPR1246 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable protein phosphatase 2C member 13, mitochondrial Source.5: DFBPPR1259 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-carotene isomerase D27, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1702 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 2 Source.7: DFBPPR1704 ---- Plant proteins ---- RNA-binding protein Y14B Source.8: DFBPPR1801 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor MYB4 Source.9: DFBPPR1866 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable DNA gyrase subunit A, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.10: DFBPPR1868 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase Source.11: DFBPPR1888 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytokinin dehydrogenase 11 Source.12: DFBPPR1973 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor MYB30 Source.13: DFBPPR2035 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 1 Source.14: DFBPPR2073 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 43 Source.15: DFBPPR2126 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-B 2 Source.16: DFBPPR2151 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 3 Source.17: DFBPPR2181 ---- Plant proteins ---- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED3, chloroplastic Source.18: DFBPPR2281 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytokinin dehydrogenase 8 Source.19: DFBPPR2453 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dihydroorotase, mitochondrial Source.20: DFBPPR2461 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-B 1 Source.21: DFBPPR2790 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 22 Source.22: DFBPPR2810 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable N6-adenosine-methyltransferase MT-A70-like Source.23: DFBPPR2820 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit B-10 Source.24: DFBPPR2857 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 42 Source.25: DFBPPR2914 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-D 1 Source.26: DFBPPR2975 ---- Plant proteins ---- Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 4 Source.27: DFBPPR3077 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 31 Source.28: DFBPPR3081 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 38 Source.29: DFBPPR3097 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 48 Source.30: DFBPPR3140 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 51 Source.31: DFBPPR3194 ---- Plant proteins ---- G patch domain-containing protein TGH homolog Source.32: DFBPPR3313 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein NINJA homolog 1 Source.33: DFBPPR3423 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 40 Source.34: DFBPPR3499 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable anion transporter 3, chloroplastic Source.35: DFBPPR3637 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc-finger homeodomain protein 4 Source.36: DFBPPR3854 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutaredoxin-C10 Source.37: DFBPPR3875 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glutamyl endopeptidase, chloroplastic Source.38: DFBPPR3890 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plant intracellular Ras-group-related LRR protein 5 Source.39: DFBPPR4083 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serpin-Z6B Source.40: DFBPPR4155 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative cyclin-F2-1 Source.41: DFBPPR4161 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plant intracellular Ras-group-related LRR protein 1 Source.42: DFBPPR4165 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heptahelical transmembrane protein ADIPOR3 Source.43: DFBPPR4222 ---- Plant proteins ---- IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 8 Source.44: DFBPPR4316 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative serpin-Z6C Source.45: DFBPPR4357 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyclin-F2-2 Source.46: DFBPPR4446 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase-like 1 Source.47: DFBPPR4472 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 15 Source.48: DFBPPR4743 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein Brevis radix-like 1 Source.49: DFBPPR4822 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TAB2 homolog, chloroplastic Source.50: DFBPPR4842 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os06g0194400 Source.51: DFBPPR4969 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sulfite reductase [ferredoxin], chloroplastic Source.52: DFBPPR5136 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-glycosyltransferase 79A6 Source.53: DFBPPR5392 ---- Plant proteins ---- NADP-dependent malic enzyme, chloroplastic Source.54: DFBPPR5503 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase 2 Source.55: DFBPPR5655 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP1-5 Source.56: DFBPPR5881 ---- Plant proteins ---- Divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase, chloroplastic Source.57: DFBPPR5996 ---- Plant proteins ---- Myb-related protein Zm1 Source.58: DFBPPR6022 ---- Plant proteins ---- Stress-related protein 1 Source.59: DFBPPR6236 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase Source.60: DFBPPR6250 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nodulation receptor kinase Source.61: DFBPPR7445 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin CRU1 Source.62: DFBPPR7461 ---- Plant proteins ---- Shaggy-related protein kinase theta Source.63: DFBPPR7733 ---- Plant proteins ---- 12S seed storage globulin 2 Source.64: DFBPPR7734 ---- Plant proteins ---- 12S seed storage globulin 1 Source.65: DFBPPR7749 ---- Plant proteins ---- Avenin Source.66: DFBPPR15955 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cellular tumor antigen p53 Source.67: DFBPPR16249 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-L-iduronidase Source.68: DFBPPR16298 ---- Animal proteins ---- Erythropoietin receptor Source.69: DFBPPR16382 ---- Animal proteins ---- Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain Source.70: DFBPPR16495 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 52 homolog Source.71: DFBPPR16535 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cobalamin binding intrinsic factor Source.72: DFBPPR16646 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B Source.73: DFBPPR16832 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial Source.74: DFBPPR16880 ---- Animal proteins ---- N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Source.75: DFBPPR16949 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cellular tumor antigen p53 Source.76: DFBPPR17053 ---- Animal proteins ---- Junction plakoglobin Source.77: DFBPPR17071 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Source.78: DFBPPR17078 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Source.79: DFBPPR17096 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activated CDC42 kinase 1 Source.80: DFBPPR17256 ---- Animal proteins ---- X-box-binding protein 1 Source.81: DFBPPR17316 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein O1 Source.82: DFBPPR17535 ---- Animal proteins ---- Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 Source.83: DFBPPR17882 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock protein beta-1 Source.84: DFBPPR18140 ---- Animal proteins ---- Semaphorin-3C Source.85: DFBPPR18256 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome subunit beta type-10 Source.86: DFBPPR18259 ---- Animal proteins ---- Exosome complex component RRP41 Source.87: DFBPPR18349 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 Source.88: DFBPPR18369 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal oxygenase 1 Source.89: DFBPPR18412 ---- Animal proteins ---- Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 Source.90: DFBPPR18582 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol-binding protein 3 Source.91: DFBPPR18757 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mevalonate kinase Source.92: DFBPPR18771 ---- Animal proteins ---- Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC9 Source.93: DFBPPR18794 ---- Animal proteins ---- LIM domain-containing protein ajuba Source.94: DFBPPR18819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome activator complex subunit 4 Source.95: DFBPPR18845 ---- Animal proteins ---- Muellerian-inhibiting factor Source.96: DFBPPR18889 ---- Animal proteins ---- Achaete-scute homolog 2 Source.97: DFBPPR18947 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 Source.98: DFBPPR19089 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex assembly factor 2 Source.99: DFBPPR19220 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase Source.100: DFBPPR19277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin-releasing peptide Source.101: DFBPPR19307 ---- Animal proteins ---- Microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 Source.102: DFBPPR19440 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 Source.103: DFBPPR19566 ---- Animal proteins ---- Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit alpha Source.104: DFBPPR19774 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX25 Source.105: DFBPPR19842 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit, mitochondrial Source.106: DFBPPR19916 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 Source.107: DFBPPR20245 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L15, mitochondrial Source.108: DFBPPR20280 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2 Source.109: DFBPPR20611 ---- Animal proteins ---- Engulfment and cell motility protein 2 Source.110: DFBPPR20884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 237 Source.111: DFBPPR20900 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 12 Source.112: DFBPPR20914 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B Source.113: DFBPPR21025 ---- Animal proteins ---- Radial spoke head protein 3 homolog Source.114: DFBPPR21214 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostate tumor-overexpressed gene 1 protein homolog Source.115: DFBPPR21243 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 198 Source.116: DFBPPR21267 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 22 Source.117: DFBPPR21317 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction alpha-4 protein Source.118: DFBPPR21324 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 115 Source.119: DFBPPR21393 ---- Animal proteins ---- mRNA-decapping enzyme 1B Source.120: DFBPPR21412 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain-containing protein 1 Source.121: DFBPPR21565 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-like 1 Source.122: DFBPPR21584 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein prophet of Pit-1 Source.123: DFBPPR21601 ---- Animal proteins ---- Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 2 Source.124: DFBPPR21678 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 35A Source.125: DFBPPR21681 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM110A Source.126: DFBPPR21745 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mastermind-like protein 2 Source.127: DFBPPR21906 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mpv17-like protein Source.128: DFBPPR22077 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L21, mitochondrial Source.129: DFBPPR22110 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleolar protein 12 Source.130: DFBPPR22114 ---- Animal proteins ---- Specifically androgen-regulated gene protein Source.131: DFBPPR22146 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 41 Source.132: DFBPPR22147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein Source.133: DFBPPR22228 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho GTPase-activating protein 36 Source.134: DFBPPR22403 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock protein beta-9 Source.135: DFBPPR22439 ---- Animal proteins ---- PI-PLC X domain-containing protein 3 Source.136: DFBPPR22465 ---- Animal proteins ---- OCIA domain-containing protein 2 Source.137: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.138: DFBPPR8679 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 Source.139: DFBPPR8686 ---- Animal proteins ---- NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1 Source.140: DFBPPR8706 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cellular tumor antigen p53 Source.141: DFBPPR8726 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine-protein kinase ATM Source.142: DFBPPR8732 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] Source.143: DFBPPR8741 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein O1 Source.144: DFBPPR9014 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial Source.145: DFBPPR9250 ---- Animal proteins ---- Junction plakoglobin Source.146: DFBPPR9540 ---- Animal proteins ---- Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit alpha Source.147: DFBPPR9558 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction alpha-4 protein Source.148: DFBPPR9842 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 Source.149: DFBPPR9873 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 22 member 7 Source.150: DFBPPR9986 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aggrecan core protein Source.151: DFBPPR9989 ---- Animal proteins ---- VIP peptides Source.152: DFBPPR10128 ---- Animal proteins ---- Focal adhesion kinase 1 Source.153: DFBPPR10251 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrin alpha-6 Source.154: DFBPPR10334 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma Source.155: DFBPPR10462 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 Source.156: DFBPPR10500 ---- Animal proteins ---- Casein kinase I isoform epsilon Source.157: DFBPPR10833 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative helicase MOV-10 Source.158: DFBPPR10869 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal oxygenase 1 Source.159: DFBPPR11097 ---- Animal proteins ---- Twinkle protein, mitochondrial Source.160: DFBPPR11235 ---- Animal proteins ---- G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 Source.161: DFBPPR11989 ---- Animal proteins ---- BUD13 homolog Source.162: DFBPPR12070 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 237 Source.163: DFBPPR12093 ---- Animal proteins ---- 28S ribosomal protein S6, mitochondrial Source.164: DFBPPR12205 ---- Animal proteins ---- Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 1 Source.165: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.166: DFBPPR12290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 2 Source.167: DFBPPR12304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cellular tumor antigen p53 Source.168: DFBPPR12321 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B Source.169: DFBPPR12341 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Source.170: DFBPPR13160 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Source.171: DFBPPR13236 ---- Animal proteins ---- Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 Source.172: DFBPPR13250 ---- Animal proteins ---- Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3, truncated Source.173: DFBPPR13480 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 2F3 Source.174: DFBPPR13558 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Source.175: DFBPPR13581 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cellular tumor antigen p53 Source.176: DFBPPR14641 ---- Marine protein ---- Complement component C8 beta chain Source.177: DFBPPR15117 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DBP10 Source.178: DFBPPR15748 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Vacuolar membrane protein KLLA0F03465g Source.179: DFBPPR15796 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Folylpolyglutamate synthase Source.180: DFBPPR15885 ---- Microorganism protein ---- RNA-directed RNA polymerase
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Renin-inhibitory activity	The peptide displayed potent Renin (EC:3.4.23.15) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.968 ± 0.042 mM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Renin

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The rapeseed protein hydrolysate obtained after 4 h digestion with Alcalase had a degree of hydrolysis of ~11%.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	Non-Toxin
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI1424
[D2]	DFBPANHY0040
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0375

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	He, R., Malomo, S.A., Alashi, A., Girgih, A.T., Ju, X., Aluko, R.E. Purification and hypotensive activity of rapeseed protein-derived renin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Journal of Functional Foods. 2013, 5, 781-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.024
Other literature(s)	[1] He R , Girgih A T , Rozoy E , et al. Selective separation and concentration of antihypertensive peptides from rapeseed protein hydrolysate by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Food Chemistry, 2016, 197:1008-1014. [2] He R , Alashi A , Malomo S A , et al. Antihypertensive and free radical scavenging properties of enzymatic rapeseed protein hydrolysates[J]. Food Chemistry, 2013, 141(1):153-159. [3] Yang, Y.-J., He, H.-Y., Wang, F.-Z., Ju, X.-R., Yuan, J., Wang, L.-F., et al. Transport of angiotensin converting enzyme and renin dual inhibitory peptides LY, RALP and TF across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017, 35, 303-14.
PubDate	2013