Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPRENI0014(Renin-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPRENI0014
Peptide sequence	RPPL
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Renin-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Renin-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Antihypertensive activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Arg-Pro-Pro-Leu

Single-letter amino acid

RPPL

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
481 Da	481.58 Da ^c

Net charge

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.9750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Rapeseed
Precursor protein	Cruciferin
Residue position	f(294-297)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0818 ---- Plant proteins ---- Meiosis-specific protein PAIR3 Source.2: DFBPPR0937 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamate synthase 1 [NADH], chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR1109 ---- Plant proteins ---- Origin of replication complex subunit 1 Source.4: DFBPPR1125 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6, chloroplastic Source.5: DFBPPR1138 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase SUV3L, mitochondrial Source.6: DFBPPR1228 ---- Plant proteins ---- Isoamylase 2, chloroplastic Source.7: DFBPPR1300 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1 Source.8: DFBPPR1346 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 5 Source.9: DFBPPR1349 ---- Plant proteins ---- 15-cis-phytoene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic Source.10: DFBPPR1382 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 76M5 Source.11: DFBPPR1439 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 714B1 Source.12: DFBPPR1684 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mixed-linked glucan synthase 2 Source.13: DFBPPR1692 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator 2, chloroplastic Source.14: DFBPPR1737 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable (S)-ureidoglycine aminohydrolase Source.15: DFBPPR1773 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquinol oxidase 1c, mitochondrial Source.16: DFBPPR2044 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative mixed-linked glucan synthase 1 Source.17: DFBPPR2091 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein D3 Source.18: DFBPPR2121 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein D5 Source.19: DFBPPR2196 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucuronosyltransferase GUT1 Source.20: DFBPPR2322 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 3 homolog 2 Source.21: DFBPPR2907 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chlorophyll synthase, chloroplastic Source.22: DFBPPR3005 ---- Plant proteins ---- tRNA-dihydrouridine(47) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]-like Source.23: DFBPPR3046 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 35B Source.24: DFBPPR3218 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable lipoxygenase 6 Source.25: DFBPPR3244 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-12B Source.26: DFBPPR3371 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14R Source.27: DFBPPR3396 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable transcription factor GLK2 Source.28: DFBPPR3457 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable phytol kinase 2, chloroplastic Source.29: DFBPPR3545 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 3 Source.30: DFBPPR3641 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1-like1 Source.31: DFBPPR3648 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative lipoxygenase 5 Source.32: DFBPPR3686 ---- Plant proteins ---- NifU-like protein 1, chloroplastic Source.33: DFBPPR3700 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1-like3 Source.34: DFBPPR3768 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-12F Source.35: DFBPPR3905 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1-like7 Source.36: DFBPPR3906 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1-like8 Source.37: DFBPPR3996 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14J Source.38: DFBPPR4001 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1-like2 Source.39: DFBPPR4002 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1-like6 Source.40: DFBPPR4012 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1-like5 Source.41: DFBPPR4017 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1-like4 Source.42: DFBPPR4047 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glucosidase 2 subunit beta Source.43: DFBPPR4077 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 3 Source.44: DFBPPR4238 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative magnesium transporter MRS2-H Source.45: DFBPPR4307 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl transferase 8 Source.46: DFBPPR4526 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 14 Source.47: DFBPPR4539 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 Source.48: DFBPPR4551 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative nitric oxide synthase Source.49: DFBPPR4595 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubby-like F-box protein 9 Source.50: DFBPPR4614 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein EXECUTER 2, chloroplastic Source.51: DFBPPR4715 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger A20 and AN1 domain-containing stress-associated protein 2 Source.52: DFBPPR4808 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative UPF0496 protein 2 Source.53: DFBPPR4937 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamate synthase 2 [NADH], chloroplastic Source.54: DFBPPR5075 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit Source.55: DFBPPR5116 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 A, chloroplastic Source.56: DFBPPR5153 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 B, chloroplastic Source.57: DFBPPR5266 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyanate hydratase Source.58: DFBPPR5412 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 1 Source.59: DFBPPR5484 ---- Plant proteins ---- Single-stranded DNA-binding protein WHY1, chloroplastic Source.60: DFBPPR5559 ---- Plant proteins ---- 15-cis-phytoene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic Source.61: DFBPPR6084 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 1B1 Source.62: DFBPPR6637 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 1 Source.63: DFBPPR6647 ---- Plant proteins ---- 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphatase Source.64: DFBPPR6695 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 2 Source.65: DFBPPR7280 ---- Plant proteins ---- 30S ribosomal protein 3, chloroplastic Source.66: DFBPPR7416 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin CRU4 Source.67: DFBPPR7417 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin Source.68: DFBPPR7444 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin BnC2 Source.69: DFBPPR7445 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin CRU1 Source.70: DFBPPR7446 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin BnC1 Source.71: DFBPPR7482 ---- Plant proteins ---- Napin Source.72: DFBPPR7483 ---- Plant proteins ---- Napin-B Source.73: DFBPPR7491 ---- Plant proteins ---- Napin-2 Source.74: DFBPPR7505 ---- Plant proteins ---- Napin-1 Source.75: DFBPPR7507 ---- Plant proteins ---- Napin-3 Source.76: DFBPPR7721 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chlorophyll synthase, chloroplastic Source.77: DFBPPR16019 ---- Animal proteins ---- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Source.78: DFBPPR16047 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylate cyclase type 5 Source.79: DFBPPR16150 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chloride channel protein 1 Source.80: DFBPPR16454 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin delta chain Source.81: DFBPPR16643 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein L18 Source.82: DFBPPR16921 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase Source.83: DFBPPR17256 ---- Animal proteins ---- X-box-binding protein 1 Source.84: DFBPPR17263 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF1 Source.85: DFBPPR17396 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 Source.86: DFBPPR17419 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor associated 1 Source.87: DFBPPR17436 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 Source.88: DFBPPR17829 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thrombospondin-1 Source.89: DFBPPR17943 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 homolog Source.90: DFBPPR17968 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathelicidin-2 Source.91: DFBPPR17973 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Source.92: DFBPPR18121 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate--CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial Source.93: DFBPPR18225 ---- Animal proteins ---- Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.94: DFBPPR18242 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heparanase Source.95: DFBPPR18363 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spexin Source.96: DFBPPR18418 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 Source.97: DFBPPR18505 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol dehydrogenase 8 Source.98: DFBPPR18992 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coatomer subunit beta Source.99: DFBPPR19035 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA helicase MCM9 Source.100: DFBPPR19346 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cylicin-1 Source.101: DFBPPR19449 ---- Animal proteins ---- SCO-spondin Source.102: DFBPPR19600 ---- Animal proteins ---- Macrophage-expressed gene 1 protein Source.103: DFBPPR19757 ---- Animal proteins ---- Torsin-1A-interacting protein 1 Source.104: DFBPPR19878 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat and zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 Source.105: DFBPPR20038 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fanconi anemia core complex-associated protein 20 Source.106: DFBPPR20281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Splicing factor 3A subunit 2 Source.107: DFBPPR20299 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-5 complex subunit mu-1 Source.108: DFBPPR20366 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 Source.109: DFBPPR20517 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein 42 Source.110: DFBPPR20681 ---- Animal proteins ---- G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 Source.111: DFBPPR20887 ---- Animal proteins ---- UAP56-interacting factor Source.112: DFBPPR21020 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L18 Source.113: DFBPPR21038 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel modifier 1 Source.114: DFBPPR21368 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ferric-chelate reductase 1 Source.115: DFBPPR21454 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-interacting protein Source.116: DFBPPR21459 ---- Animal proteins ---- RELT-like protein 2 Source.117: DFBPPR21522 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DQX1 Source.118: DFBPPR21534 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L46, mitochondrial Source.119: DFBPPR21619 ---- Animal proteins ---- CBY1-interacting BAR domain-containing protein 2 Source.120: DFBPPR22241 ---- Animal proteins ---- von Willebrand factor A domain-containing protein 7 Source.121: DFBPPR22330 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 39 Source.122: DFBPPR22423 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 45B Source.123: DFBPPR22519 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 248 Source.124: DFBPPR22559 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vimentin-type intermediate filament-associated coiled-coil protein Source.125: DFBPPR22586 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein KIAA2012 homolog Source.126: DFBPPR22661 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C2orf42 homolog Source.127: DFBPPR8535 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate--CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial Source.128: DFBPPR8544 ---- Animal proteins ---- Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 Source.129: DFBPPR8679 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 Source.130: DFBPPR9348 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L18 Source.131: DFBPPR9507 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coatomer subunit beta Source.132: DFBPPR9685 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-27 subunit alpha Source.133: DFBPPR9746 ---- Animal proteins ---- Valine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial Source.134: DFBPPR10118 ---- Animal proteins ---- GATA-binding factor 3 Source.135: DFBPPR10180 ---- Animal proteins ---- Teneurin-2 Source.136: DFBPPR10474 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase greatwall Source.137: DFBPPR10586 ---- Animal proteins ---- Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle Source.138: DFBPPR10632 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Hakai Source.139: DFBPPR10699 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acetylcholinesterase Source.140: DFBPPR10792 ---- Animal proteins ---- H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit DKC1 Source.141: DFBPPR10938 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase mos Source.142: DFBPPR10989 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 Source.143: DFBPPR11012 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 Source.144: DFBPPR11141 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK3 Source.145: DFBPPR11429 ---- Animal proteins ---- Centrosomal protein 20 Source.146: DFBPPR11582 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coatomer subunit beta Source.147: DFBPPR11760 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cysteine-rich motor neuron 1 protein Source.148: DFBPPR11957 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 2 Source.149: DFBPPR12267 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Source.150: DFBPPR12346 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylate cyclase type 5 Source.151: DFBPPR12389 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clusterin Source.152: DFBPPR12535 ---- Animal proteins ---- Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle Source.153: DFBPPR12557 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acrosin Source.154: DFBPPR12579 ---- Animal proteins ---- Troponin I, slow skeletal muscle Source.155: DFBPPR12794 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chloride channel protein 2 Source.156: DFBPPR13053 ---- Animal proteins ---- G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 Source.157: DFBPPR13116 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ig gamma chain C region Source.158: DFBPPR13236 ---- Animal proteins ---- Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 Source.159: DFBPPR13250 ---- Animal proteins ---- Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3, truncated Source.160: DFBPPR13815 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mast cell protease 2 Source.161: DFBPPR14122 ---- Marine protein ---- Galactocerebrosidase Source.162: DFBPPR14905 ---- Microorganism protein ---- H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit CBF5 Source.163: DFBPPR15203 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 Source.164: DFBPPR15512 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Vacuolar membrane-associated protein IML1 Source.165: DFBPPR8123 ---- Plant protein ---- Protein kinase PVPK-1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Renin-inhibitory activity	The final rapeseed protein hydrolysate (FRPH) exhibited potent Renin (EC:3.4.23.15) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.47 ± 0.05 mg/mL. The peptide RPPL was isolated from the FRPH using electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) technology, so it was a potential renin-inhibitory peptide (data not shown).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Renin

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Rapeseed protein isolate was subjected to alcalase digestion to obtain a protein hydrolysate.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	Non-Toxin
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI1418
[D2]	DFBPANHY0041
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0371

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	He R, Girgih AT, Rozoy E, Bazinet L, Ju XR, Aluko RE. Selective separation and concentration of antihypertensive peptides from rapeseed protein hydrolysate by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes. Food Chem. 2016 Apr 15;197(Pt A):1008-14. PMID: 26617047 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.081
Other literature(s)	[1] He R , Alashi A , Malomo S A , et al. Antihypertensive and free radical scavenging properties of enzymatic rapeseed protein hydrolysates[J]. Food Chemistry, 2013, 141(1):153-159.
PubDate	2016