Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPSTPE0022(Stimulating peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPSTPE0022
Peptide sequence	YGAE
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Stimulating peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Stimulating activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Gly-Ala-Glu

Single-letter amino acid

YGAE

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
438.2 Da	438.43 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.34 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-0.8500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bos taurus (Bovine)
Precursor protein	Hemoglobin subunit alpha
Residue position	f(25-28)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1046 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable histidine kinase 3 Source.2: DFBPPR1247 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 15 Source.3: DFBPPR2172 ---- Plant proteins ---- S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA 4-demethylwyosine synthase Source.4: DFBPPR2263 ---- Plant proteins ---- CBL-interacting protein kinase 29 Source.5: DFBPPR2269 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HOX8 Source.6: DFBPPR2297 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase, chloroplastic Source.7: DFBPPR2620 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamate dehydrogenase 3, mitochondrial Source.8: DFBPPR2882 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable histone acetyltransferase HAC-like 2 Source.9: DFBPPR3247 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.10: DFBPPR3464 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable ascorbate-specific transmembrane electron transporter 1 Source.11: DFBPPR3500 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable ascorbate-specific transmembrane electron transporter 2 Source.12: DFBPPR4004 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S12, mitochondrial Source.13: DFBPPR4908 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 Source.14: DFBPPR5780 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 71C3 Source.15: DFBPPR5865 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S12, mitochondrial Source.16: DFBPPR6342 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, chloroplastic Source.17: DFBPPR6832 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S12, mitochondrial Source.18: DFBPPR7481 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S12, mitochondrial Source.19: DFBPPR16158 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes Source.20: DFBPPR16477 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-glucuronidase Source.21: DFBPPR16545 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable G-protein coupled receptor 83 Source.22: DFBPPR16849 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, mitochondrial Source.23: DFBPPR17084 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Source.24: DFBPPR17156 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase A Source.25: DFBPPR17468 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit alpha Source.26: DFBPPR17500 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lecithin retinol acyltransferase Source.27: DFBPPR17753 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD Source.28: DFBPPR17850 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial Source.29: DFBPPR18014 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycolipid transfer protein Source.30: DFBPPR18091 ---- Animal proteins ---- Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Source.31: DFBPPR19168 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment protein 3 Source.32: DFBPPR19239 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 42 Source.33: DFBPPR19611 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase Source.34: DFBPPR19779 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-gamma Source.35: DFBPPR19946 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin-like protein 6B Source.36: DFBPPR20917 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 3 Source.37: DFBPPR21276 ---- Animal proteins ---- DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11 Source.38: DFBPPR21794 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 8 Source.39: DFBPPR8571 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial Source.40: DFBPPR9193 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycolipid transfer protein Source.41: DFBPPR9543 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-glucuronidase Source.42: DFBPPR10104 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bloom syndrome protein homolog Source.43: DFBPPR10144 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial Source.44: DFBPPR10314 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Source.45: DFBPPR10353 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit alpha-A Source.46: DFBPPR10459 ---- Animal proteins ---- Reelin Source.47: DFBPPR12275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 3 Source.48: DFBPPR12431 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit alpha-1/2 Source.49: DFBPPR13065 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 Source.50: DFBPPR13199 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit alpha Source.51: DFBPPR13289 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leukocyte elastase inhibitor Source.52: DFBPPR13468 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit alpha-1 Source.53: DFBPPR13476 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit alpha-2 Source.54: DFBPPR13661 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit alpha-1/2 Source.55: DFBPPR14328 ---- Marine protein ---- Sulfate adenylyltransferase Source.56: DFBPPR14377 ---- Marine protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta Source.57: DFBPPR15603 ---- Microorganism protein ---- tRNA (uracil-O(2)-)-methyltransferase Source.58: DFBPPR7828 ---- Plant protein ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.59: DFBPPR8258 ---- Plant protein ---- Ribosomal protein S12, mitochondrial
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Stimulating activity	Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) enhancing capacity of the peptide was investigated. STC-1 cells were treated 2 h with each peptide tested at 0.1 and 1 mM. The peptide YGAE induced the highest GLP-1 level when tested at 1 mM with 1214.2 ± 110.1 pM and was 32 times significantly higher than control level.
Specific target protein(s)	N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Bovine haemoglobin in vitro GI gigestion was performed by pepsin for 2 h, and then by pancreatin for 2 h.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Caron J, Cudennec B, Domenger D, Belguesmia Y, Flahaut C, Kouach M, Lesage J, Goossens JF, Dhulster P, Ravallec R. Simulated GI digestion of dietary protein: Release of new bioactive peptides involved in gut hormone secretion. Food Res Int. 2016 Nov;89(Pt 1):382-390. PMID: 28460928 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.033
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2016