Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPVARE0003(Vasorelaxation peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPVARE0003
Peptide sequence	PNAV
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Vasorelaxation peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Vasorelaxation activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Pro-Asn-Ala-Val

Single-letter amino acid

PNAV

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
453.4 Da	399.44 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

0.72 ± 0.09 μM

pIC₅₀

0.143

GRAVY

0.2250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Soybean
Precursor protein	Meal protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0853 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-like 1a Source.2: DFBPPR1069 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1 Source.3: DFBPPR1591 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-like 1b Source.4: DFBPPR1618 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor C-1a Source.5: DFBPPR2094 ---- Plant proteins ---- Leucine aminopeptidase 2, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR2178 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BAH1-like 2 Source.7: DFBPPR2331 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TIFY 6b Source.8: DFBPPR2336 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 Source.9: DFBPPR2392 ---- Plant proteins ---- Metal tolerance protein 6 Source.10: DFBPPR2415 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative aconitate hydratase, cytoplasmic Source.11: DFBPPR2574 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TIFY 10b Source.12: DFBPPR2632 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 4 Source.13: DFBPPR3174 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 5 Source.14: DFBPPR3202 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 3 Source.15: DFBPPR3264 ---- Plant proteins ---- Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase, chloroplastic Source.16: DFBPPR3350 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 22 Source.17: DFBPPR3556 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable zinc metalloprotease EGY3, chloroplastic Source.18: DFBPPR3775 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14G Source.19: DFBPPR4156 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP3-3 Source.20: DFBPPR4219 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP3-2 Source.21: DFBPPR4647 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 12 Source.22: DFBPPR4694 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative protein ABIL2 Source.23: DFBPPR5095 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Fe], chloroplastic Source.24: DFBPPR5223 ---- Plant proteins ---- Stem 28 kDa glycoprotein Source.25: DFBPPR5259 ---- Plant proteins ---- Stem 31 kDa glycoprotein Source.26: DFBPPR5546 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thiamine thiazole synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.27: DFBPPR5547 ---- Plant proteins ---- Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1 Source.28: DFBPPR5556 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thiamine thiazole synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.29: DFBPPR5858 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'' Source.30: DFBPPR7028 ---- Plant proteins ---- Agmatine coumaroyltransferase-1 Source.31: DFBPPR7240 ---- Plant proteins ---- Agmatine coumaroyltransferase-2 Source.32: DFBPPR7646 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 Source.33: DFBPPR7695 ---- Milk proteins ---- Kappa-casein Source.34: DFBPPR8377 ---- Plant proteins ---- Profilin Source.35: DFBPPR8504 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 Source.36: DFBPPR15983 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tight junction protein ZO-1 Source.37: DFBPPR17064 ---- Animal proteins ---- Unconventional myosin-Ic Source.38: DFBPPR17405 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor HES-1 Source.39: DFBPPR17520 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 Source.40: DFBPPR17633 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysozyme C Source.41: DFBPPR18122 ---- Animal proteins ---- Microtubule-associated protein 4 Source.42: DFBPPR18271 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysozyme C-2 Source.43: DFBPPR18536 ---- Animal proteins ---- Plastin-1 Source.44: DFBPPR18646 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiopoietin-2 Source.45: DFBPPR18821 ---- Animal proteins ---- Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase Source.46: DFBPPR18895 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysozyme C-1 Source.47: DFBPPR19124 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuroguidin Source.48: DFBPPR19226 ---- Animal proteins ---- Caseinolytic peptidase B protein homolog Source.49: DFBPPR19404 ---- Animal proteins ---- Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 Source.50: DFBPPR19416 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase Source.51: DFBPPR19451 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 Source.52: DFBPPR19862 ---- Animal proteins ---- Splicing factor 3B subunit 3 Source.53: DFBPPR20190 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 3 Source.54: DFBPPR20844 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ethylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase Source.55: DFBPPR21601 ---- Animal proteins ---- Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 2 Source.56: DFBPPR21746 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein ABHD8 Source.57: DFBPPR21765 ---- Animal proteins ---- DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 12 Source.58: DFBPPR21819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 11 Source.59: DFBPPR22730 ---- Animal proteins ---- UPF0545 protein C22orf39 homolog Source.60: DFBPPR9335 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactose mutarotase Source.61: DFBPPR9779 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-2-microglobulin Source.62: DFBPPR10263 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ephrin type-B receptor 3 Source.63: DFBPPR10459 ---- Animal proteins ---- Reelin Source.64: DFBPPR11041 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 Source.65: DFBPPR11120 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ephrin-B1 Source.66: DFBPPR11157 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein transport protein Sec31A Source.67: DFBPPR11247 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 Source.68: DFBPPR11727 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor Source.69: DFBPPR11809 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor RalGPS1 Source.70: DFBPPR11816 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A Source.71: DFBPPR11881 ---- Animal proteins ---- DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 12 Source.72: DFBPPR13349 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 Source.73: DFBPPR13488 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysozyme C-2 Source.74: DFBPPR13625 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysozyme C-1 Source.75: DFBPPR13707 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysozyme C-3 Source.76: DFBPPR15123 ---- Microorganism protein ---- JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 1 Source.77: DFBPPR15394 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme Source.78: DFBPPR7788 ---- Plant protein ---- Thiamine thiazole synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.79: DFBPPR7789 ---- Plant protein ---- Thiamine thiazole synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.80: DFBPPR7818 ---- Plant protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta''
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Vasorelaxation activity

The synthetic peptide PNAV exerted an endothelium-independent vasorelaxation action (EC₅₀: 0.72 ± 0.09 μM, Value was means ± standard deviation (n = 3)), while a mixture of the corresponding amino acids (i.e., Gln, Cys, Pro, Ala, Asn, and Val) was used as a negative control and did not show vasodilation. So this data suggested that the peptide was a potent vasorelaxant.
Vasorelaxation action of PNAV was also examined in the endothelium-denuded aortic rings. The absence of the endothelium layer was confirmed by no vascular response against 1.0 mM ACh. Vascular relaxation determined in the endothelium denuded aorta ring also observed a dose-dependent vasorelaxation, while there was no difference between the aorta ring with or without endothelium. According to this result, the endothelium is not involved in the underlying mechanism of soy peptide induced vasorelaxation.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Fermentation and Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Soy meal was fermented with Bacillus subtilis from Douchi and then was hydrolyzed by thermolysin, and the water extraction was then separated into four fractions using ultrafiltration membranes.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI1962
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0589

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Wang Z, Cui Y, Liu P, Zhao Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Xie J. Small Peptides Isolated from Enzymatic Hydrolyzate of Fermented Soybean Meal Promote Endothelium-Independent Vasorelaxation and ACE Inhibition. J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Dec 20;65(50):10844-10850. PMID: 29172521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05026
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2017