Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0012(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0012
Peptide sequence	IWHHT
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ile-Trp-His-His-Thr

Single-letter amino acid

IWHHT

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	692.78 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

7.95 ^c

IC₅₀

5.8 uM, 5.1 uM ^[1]

pIC₅₀

-0.763, -0.708

GRAVY

-0.7000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

40%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal, Marine, Fish
Organism/Source	Bonito
Precursor protein	Bonito protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR2751 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-7 Source.2: DFBPPR2763 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.3: DFBPPR2989 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-2 Source.4: DFBPPR3087 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-3 Source.5: DFBPPR3693 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable potassium transporter 9 Source.6: DFBPPR5185 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.7: DFBPPR5283 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-3 Source.8: DFBPPR6550 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-3 Source.9: DFBPPR6551 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-2 Source.10: DFBPPR6552 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-1 Source.11: DFBPPR16188 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.12: DFBPPR17154 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Source.13: DFBPPR17155 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Source.14: DFBPPR17514 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.15: DFBPPR17747 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.16: DFBPPR18053 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta Source.17: DFBPPR8884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.18: DFBPPR10103 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.19: DFBPPR10319 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 Source.20: DFBPPR10338 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.21: DFBPPR10777 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic type 5 Source.22: DFBPPR10810 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Source.23: DFBPPR12268 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.24: DFBPPR12700 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.25: DFBPPR12701 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.26: DFBPPR13231 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.27: DFBPPR13621 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta Source.28: DFBPPR13769 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.29: DFBPPR13996 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, alpha skeletal muscle Source.30: DFBPPR14021 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.31: DFBPPR14143 ---- Marine protein ---- Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Source.32: DFBPPR14935 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Actin Source.33: DFBPPR7844 ---- Plant protein ---- Actin-1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited strong Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 5.8 uM (or 5.1 uM, 3.5 μg/mL ^[1]).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Bonito protein was hydrolyzed with Thermolysin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	Non-Toxin
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

IWHHT is the prodrug-type ACE inhibitory peptide.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANHY0605
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0004

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Fujita, H., Yoshikawa, M. LKPNM: a prodrug-type ACE-inhibitory peptide derived from fish protein. Immunopharmacology. 1999, 44, 123-7. DOI: 10.1016/S0162-3109(99)00118-6
Other literature(s)	[1] Yokoyama K, Chiba H, Yoshikawa M. Peptide inhibitors for angiotensin I-converting enzyme from thermolysin digest of dried bonito[J]. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 1992, 56(10):1541-1545.
PubDate	1999