Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0028(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0028
Peptide sequence	ALPMHIR
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide, β-Lactorphin

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antioxidative activity ^[D1], DPP IV-inhibitory activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ala-Leu-Pro-Met-His-Ile-Arg

Single-letter amino acid

ALPMHIR

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
834.4 Da	837.04 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04 ^c

IC₅₀

42.6 umol/L

pIC₅₀

-1.629

GRAVY

0.3857^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

71.43%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine whey protein
Precursor protein	β-Lactoglobulin
Residue position	f(142-148)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0115 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.2: DFBPPR7687 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.3: DFBPPR7698 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin-1/B Source.4: DFBPPR7714 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.5: DFBPPR8499 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin
Link-research Inductive analysis	Link 1: DFBPACEI0288----Ovine milk protein----β-Lactoglobulin

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 42.6 umol/L.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The bovine whey protein β-lactoglobulin was hydrolysed with Trypsin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	The peptide was resistant to further digestion with pepsin and was hydrolysed to a very low extent with chymotrypsin.
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANOX0698
[D2]	DFBPDPIV0215
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0016

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Mullally, M.M., Meisel, H., FitzGerald, R.J. Identification of a novel angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide corresponding to a tryptic fragment of bovine β-lactoglobulin. FEBS Letters. 1997, 402, 99-101. DOI: 10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01503-7
Other literature(s)	[1] Fitzgerald R J, Meisel H. Lactokinins: Whey protein‐derived ACE inhibitory peptides[J]. Molecular Nutrition (&) Food Research, 1999, 43(3):165. [2] I.M.P.L.V.O. Ferreira, Pinho O, Mota M V, et al. Preparation of ingredients containing an ACE-inhibitory peptide by tryptic hydrolysis of whey protein concentrates[J]. International Dairy Journal, 2007, 17(5):481-487. [3] Chobert J M, El-Zahar K, Sitohy M, et al. Angiotensin I-converting-enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of tryptic peptides of ovine β -lactoglobulin and of milk yoghurts obtained by using different starters[J]. Dairy Science & Technology, 2005, 85(3):141-152. [4] Park Y W. Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products[M]. 2009.
PubDate	1997