Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0046(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0046
Peptide sequence	MRW
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Met-Arg-Trp

Single-letter amino acid

MRW

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	491.61 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04 ^c

IC₅₀

0.6 uM

pIC₅₀

0.222

GRAVY

-1.1667^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

66.67%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Spinach rubisco
Precursor protein	Large subunit
Residue position	f(212-214)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0049 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.2: DFBPPR0923 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ703 Source.3: DFBPPR0974 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.4: DFBPPR1008 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 9 [UDP-forming] Source.5: DFBPPR1277 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 8 [UDP-forming] Source.6: DFBPPR1343 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor TB1 Source.7: DFBPPR1452 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 2 [UDP-forming] Source.8: DFBPPR1455 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 5 [UDP-forming] Source.9: DFBPPR1461 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 3 [UDP-forming] Source.10: DFBPPR1462 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 6 [UDP-forming] Source.11: DFBPPR1486 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable transcription factor RL9 Source.12: DFBPPR1695 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 11 [UDP-forming] Source.13: DFBPPR1788 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 6 Source.14: DFBPPR1792 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 20 Source.15: DFBPPR1871 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 17 Source.16: DFBPPR1875 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 Source.17: DFBPPR1955 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3b Source.18: DFBPPR2071 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 11 Source.19: DFBPPR2211 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable mixed-linked glucan synthase 3 Source.20: DFBPPR2340 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY 1 Source.21: DFBPPR2422 ---- Plant proteins ---- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED2, chloroplastic Source.22: DFBPPR2435 ---- Plant proteins ---- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED1, chloroplastic Source.23: DFBPPR2646 ---- Plant proteins ---- CBL-interacting protein kinase 25 Source.24: DFBPPR2702 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 27 Source.25: DFBPPR2863 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine carboxypeptidase-like Source.26: DFBPPR2972 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable potassium transporter 14 Source.27: DFBPPR3248 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 16 Source.28: DFBPPR3502 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 Source.29: DFBPPR3528 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc transporter 2 Source.30: DFBPPR3609 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thioredoxin-like 1-1, chloroplastic Source.31: DFBPPR4097 ---- Plant proteins ---- Trafficking protein particle complex II-specific subunit 130 homolog Source.32: DFBPPR4249 ---- Plant proteins ---- 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase-like 2 Source.33: DFBPPR4326 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like Source.34: DFBPPR4580 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ricin B-like lectin R40G3 Source.35: DFBPPR4988 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.36: DFBPPR5427 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 Source.37: DFBPPR5537 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.38: DFBPPR5825 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-glycosyltransferase 708A6 Source.39: DFBPPR6233 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.40: DFBPPR6627 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.41: DFBPPR7037 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.42: DFBPPR7728 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.43: DFBPPR8374 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.44: DFBPPR8427 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.45: DFBPPR16254 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transferrin receptor protein 1 Source.46: DFBPPR16255 ---- Animal proteins ---- Frizzled-6 Source.47: DFBPPR16504 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction gamma-1 protein Source.48: DFBPPR16963 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase Source.49: DFBPPR17542 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta Source.50: DFBPPR18317 ---- Animal proteins ---- G-protein coupled receptor 37-like 1 Source.51: DFBPPR18383 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor E3 Source.52: DFBPPR18704 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase SAC1 Source.53: DFBPPR19428 ---- Animal proteins ---- CAAX prenyl protease 2 Source.54: DFBPPR19787 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L11 Source.55: DFBPPR20037 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit beta Source.56: DFBPPR20269 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras-related and estrogen-regulated growth inhibitor Source.57: DFBPPR20365 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-21 Source.58: DFBPPR20834 ---- Animal proteins ---- 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 Source.59: DFBPPR21113 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peptidase inhibitor 16 Source.60: DFBPPR21275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction gamma-1 protein Source.61: DFBPPR21447 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 39A Source.62: DFBPPR21606 ---- Animal proteins ---- Surfeit locus protein 6 Source.63: DFBPPR21814 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vacuolar fusion protein MON1 homolog A Source.64: DFBPPR21865 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor EC Source.65: DFBPPR22302 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein angel homolog 2 Source.66: DFBPPR22385 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 102A Source.67: DFBPPR22525 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein ZBED8 Source.68: DFBPPR22537 ---- Animal proteins ---- Radial spoke head 10 homolog B Source.69: DFBPPR9093 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemopexin Source.70: DFBPPR9185 ---- Animal proteins ---- Epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase Source.71: DFBPPR9364 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction gamma-1 protein Source.72: DFBPPR9391 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L11 Source.73: DFBPPR9608 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-21 Source.74: DFBPPR9617 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Source.75: DFBPPR9857 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C Source.76: DFBPPR10052 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein Wnt-11 Source.77: DFBPPR10211 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 Source.78: DFBPPR10335 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing 2 Source.79: DFBPPR10390 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein sidekick-1 Source.80: DFBPPR10393 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vitellogenin-1 Source.81: DFBPPR10411 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit Source.82: DFBPPR10422 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain Source.83: DFBPPR10440 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA N6-adenosine-methyltransferase METTL16 Source.84: DFBPPR11202 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-binding protein C, fast-type Source.85: DFBPPR11225 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ornithine decarboxylase Source.86: DFBPPR11277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Abasic site processing protein HMCES Source.87: DFBPPR11511 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MIB2 Source.88: DFBPPR11526 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibromodulin Source.89: DFBPPR11622 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ammonium transporter Rh type C Source.90: DFBPPR11709 ---- Animal proteins ---- Xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 1 Source.91: DFBPPR11902 ---- Animal proteins ---- APC membrane recruitment protein 2 Source.92: DFBPPR12067 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor EC Source.93: DFBPPR12159 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 104 Source.94: DFBPPR12312 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Source.95: DFBPPR12883 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 2J1 Source.96: DFBPPR13828 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Source.97: DFBPPR14290 ---- Marine protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.98: DFBPPR14332 ---- Marine protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.99: DFBPPR15022 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pyruvate decarboxylase Source.100: DFBPPR15600 ---- Microorganism protein ---- SVP1-like protein 2 Source.101: DFBPPR15647 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein IBD2 Source.102: DFBPPR0007 ---- Plant protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.103: DFBPPR7761 ---- Plant protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.104: DFBPPR7990 ---- Plant protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.105: DFBPPR8038 ---- Plant protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.106: DFBPPR8043 ---- Plant protein ---- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED1, chloroplastic Source.107: DFBPPR8220 ---- Plant protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.6 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Spinach Rubisco was hydrolyzed with Pepsin (pH 2, 37℃, 5h) and Pancreatin (pH 7.5, 37℃, 5h).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Yang Y, Marczak ED, Yokoo M, Usui H, Yoshikawa M. Isolation and antihypertensive effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from spinach Rubisco. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Aug 13;51(17):4897-902. PMID: 12903942 DOI: 10.1021/jf026186y
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2003