Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0078(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0078
Peptide sequence	WYS
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antioxidative activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Trp-Tyr-Ser

Single-letter amino acid

WYS

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	454.48 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

> 500 uM

pIC₅₀

> -2.699

GRAVY

-1.0000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

33.33%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine whey protein
Precursor protein	β-Lactoglobulin
Residue position	f(19-21)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0932 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable chlorophyll(ide) b reductase NYC1, chloroplastic Source.2: DFBPPR0982 ---- Plant proteins ---- Monodehydroascorbate reductase 3, cytosolic Source.3: DFBPPR1010 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bifunctional dethiobiotin synthetase/7,8-diamino-pelargonic acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial Source.4: DFBPPR1206 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase RCN11 Source.5: DFBPPR1339 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glucosamine inositolphosphorylceramide transferase 1 Source.6: DFBPPR1423 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 Source.7: DFBPPR1584 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose-phosphatase 2 Source.8: DFBPPR1604 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Source.9: DFBPPR1699 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 6 Source.10: DFBPPR1733 ---- Plant proteins ---- Xylanase inhibitor protein XIP Source.11: DFBPPR1788 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 6 Source.12: DFBPPR2141 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase 1, chloroplastic Source.13: DFBPPR2149 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable calcium-transporting ATPase 9, plasma membrane-type Source.14: DFBPPR2192 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable calcium-transporting ATPase 8, plasma membrane-type Source.15: DFBPPR2218 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 12 Source.16: DFBPPR2267 ---- Plant proteins ---- CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog Source.17: DFBPPR2280 ---- Plant proteins ---- Origin of replication complex subunit 3 Source.18: DFBPPR2522 ---- Plant proteins ---- Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase Source.19: DFBPPR2530 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 20 Source.20: DFBPPR2757 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucuronosyltransferase Os01g0157700 Source.21: DFBPPR2772 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 44 Source.22: DFBPPR2807 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 32 Source.23: DFBPPR2833 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative beta-glucosidase 23 Source.24: DFBPPR2981 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 19 Source.25: DFBPPR2993 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 5 Source.26: DFBPPR3038 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha N-terminal protein methyltransferase 1 Source.27: DFBPPR3064 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL9 Source.28: DFBPPR3105 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 21 Source.29: DFBPPR3119 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 39 Source.30: DFBPPR3130 ---- Plant proteins ---- COP9 signalosome complex subunit 6 Source.31: DFBPPR3209 ---- Plant proteins ---- Monodehydroascorbate reductase 4, cytosolic Source.32: DFBPPR3303 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 2 Source.33: DFBPPR3355 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 22 Source.34: DFBPPR3406 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL16 Source.35: DFBPPR3560 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable inactive beta-glucosidase 33 Source.36: DFBPPR4086 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 5 Source.37: DFBPPR4395 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative cyclin-F1-4 Source.38: DFBPPR4478 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ammonium transporter 3 member 1 Source.39: DFBPPR4926 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase RCN11 Source.40: DFBPPR4945 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase 2, chloroplastic Source.41: DFBPPR4967 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Source.42: DFBPPR4971 ---- Plant proteins ---- Purple acid phosphatase Source.43: DFBPPR5008 ---- Plant proteins ---- Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha, mitochondrial Source.44: DFBPPR5038 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Source.45: DFBPPR5184 ---- Plant proteins ---- Omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum isozyme 2 Source.46: DFBPPR5236 ---- Plant proteins ---- Vacuolar-processing enzyme Source.47: DFBPPR5507 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative receptor protein kinase ZmPK1 Source.48: DFBPPR5543 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Source.49: DFBPPR5986 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Source.50: DFBPPR5993 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 4A1 Source.51: DFBPPR6068 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 4A2 Source.52: DFBPPR6250 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nodulation receptor kinase Source.53: DFBPPR6325 ---- Plant proteins ---- Monodehydroascorbate reductase Source.54: DFBPPR6336 ---- Plant proteins ---- Asparagine synthetase, root [glutamine-hydrolyzing] Source.55: DFBPPR6670 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two pore calcium channel protein 1 Source.56: DFBPPR6826 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Tri a 17 Source.57: DFBPPR7043 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Source.58: DFBPPR7117 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two pore calcium channel protein 1 Source.59: DFBPPR7629 ---- Milk proteins ---- Fibrinogen gamma chain Source.60: DFBPPR7687 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.61: DFBPPR7714 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.62: DFBPPR8499 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.63: DFBPPR16139 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipocalin Can f 6.0101 Source.64: DFBPPR16201 ---- Animal proteins ---- X-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator Source.65: DFBPPR16235 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serum amyloid A protein Source.66: DFBPPR16342 ---- Animal proteins ---- cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 Source.67: DFBPPR16343 ---- Animal proteins ---- cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 Source.68: DFBPPR16490 ---- Animal proteins ---- Translocon-associated protein subunit beta Source.69: DFBPPR16644 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylsulfatase H Source.70: DFBPPR16831 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibrinogen beta chain Source.71: DFBPPR16833 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase Source.72: DFBPPR16942 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme Source.73: DFBPPR16947 ---- Animal proteins ---- Polyadenylate-binding protein 2 Source.74: DFBPPR17008 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolyl endopeptidase FAP Source.75: DFBPPR17057 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor Source.76: DFBPPR17337 ---- Animal proteins ---- Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15 Source.77: DFBPPR17407 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1 Source.78: DFBPPR17423 ---- Animal proteins ---- Furin Source.79: DFBPPR17439 ---- Animal proteins ---- Folliculin Source.80: DFBPPR17533 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxypeptidase E Source.81: DFBPPR17869 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol hexakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase 1 Source.82: DFBPPR17891 ---- Animal proteins ---- Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase Source.83: DFBPPR18164 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thromboxane-A synthase Source.84: DFBPPR18167 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin thioesterase ZRANB1 Source.85: DFBPPR18401 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protrudin Source.86: DFBPPR18423 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bile acid receptor Source.87: DFBPPR18550 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype Source.88: DFBPPR18767 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-interacting protein Source.89: DFBPPR18842 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 7 Source.90: DFBPPR18943 ---- Animal proteins ---- C-terminal-binding protein 2 Source.91: DFBPPR19294 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit I Source.92: DFBPPR19478 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain Source.93: DFBPPR19519 ---- Animal proteins ---- DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 24 Source.94: DFBPPR19551 ---- Animal proteins ---- 28S ribosomal protein S18b, mitochondrial Source.95: DFBPPR19682 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box only protein 2 Source.96: DFBPPR19839 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein Mdm4 Source.97: DFBPPR19923 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metastasis-associated protein MTA3 Source.98: DFBPPR19991 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 Source.99: DFBPPR20008 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine incorporator 3 Source.100: DFBPPR20180 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peroxisome assembly protein 12 Source.101: DFBPPR20222 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 12 Source.102: DFBPPR20246 ---- Animal proteins ---- Epsilon-sarcoglycan Source.103: DFBPPR20247 ---- Animal proteins ---- Claudin-15 Source.104: DFBPPR20248 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras-related protein Rab-28 Source.105: DFBPPR20476 ---- Animal proteins ---- Translocon-associated protein subunit beta Source.106: DFBPPR20525 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC6 Source.107: DFBPPR20570 ---- Animal proteins ---- Intraflagellar transport protein 22 homolog Source.108: DFBPPR20610 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1 homolog Source.109: DFBPPR20643 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibrinogen-like protein 1 Source.110: DFBPPR20655 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenosine deaminase-like protein Source.111: DFBPPR20677 ---- Animal proteins ---- EEF1A lysine methyltransferase 1 Source.112: DFBPPR20701 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cysteine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial Source.113: DFBPPR21004 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1-like protein Source.114: DFBPPR21476 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipase maturation factor 1 Source.115: DFBPPR21620 ---- Animal proteins ---- Claudin-12 Source.116: DFBPPR21733 ---- Animal proteins ---- RUN domain-containing protein 3A Source.117: DFBPPR21832 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable hydrolase PNKD Source.118: DFBPPR21929 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 1-gamma Source.119: DFBPPR22012 ---- Animal proteins ---- GRB2-related adapter protein Source.120: DFBPPR22090 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5'-nucleotidase domain-containing protein 1 Source.121: DFBPPR22203 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serum amyloid A-4 protein Source.122: DFBPPR22355 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamine-rich protein 1 Source.123: DFBPPR22476 ---- Animal proteins ---- Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 1 Source.124: DFBPPR22671 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C1orf185 homolog Source.125: DFBPPR22754 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C1orf158 homolog Source.126: DFBPPR8556 ---- Animal proteins ---- Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15 Source.127: DFBPPR8828 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thromboxane-A synthase Source.128: DFBPPR9224 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 22 member 6 Source.129: DFBPPR9400 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype Source.130: DFBPPR9601 ---- Animal proteins ---- 28S ribosomal protein S18b, mitochondrial Source.131: DFBPPR9663 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 1-gamma Source.132: DFBPPR9770 ---- Animal proteins ---- Melatonin receptor type 1A Source.133: DFBPPR10001 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibrinogen beta chain Source.134: DFBPPR10189 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sonic hedgehog protein Source.135: DFBPPR10252 ---- Animal proteins ---- Indian hedgehog protein Source.136: DFBPPR10285 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6 Source.137: DFBPPR10323 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK Source.138: DFBPPR10440 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA N6-adenosine-methyltransferase METTL16 Source.139: DFBPPR10589 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha Source.140: DFBPPR10612 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxypeptidase Z Source.141: DFBPPR10796 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protrudin Source.142: DFBPPR10874 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme Source.143: DFBPPR10916 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gallinacin-5 Source.144: DFBPPR11006 ---- Animal proteins ---- Argininosuccinate synthase Source.145: DFBPPR11040 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 Source.146: DFBPPR11153 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-interacting protein Source.147: DFBPPR11406 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47 Source.148: DFBPPR11530 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A4 Source.149: DFBPPR11531 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein AATF Source.150: DFBPPR11746 ---- Animal proteins ---- EEF1A lysine methyltransferase 1 Source.151: DFBPPR11833 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 7 Source.152: DFBPPR11977 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1-like protein Source.153: DFBPPR12343 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein SLFN14 Source.154: DFBPPR12452 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 15 member 2 Source.155: DFBPPR12486 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylate cyclase type 10 Source.156: DFBPPR12900 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 22 member 6 Source.157: DFBPPR12901 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit I Source.158: DFBPPR13037 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter Source.159: DFBPPR13050 ---- Animal proteins ---- Odorant-binding protein 3 Source.160: DFBPPR13190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha Source.161: DFBPPR13201 ---- Animal proteins ---- Major allergen Equ c 1 Source.162: DFBPPR13349 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 Source.163: DFBPPR13398 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 1-gamma Source.164: DFBPPR14121 ---- Marine protein ---- Vertebrate ancient opsin Source.165: DFBPPR14177 ---- Marine protein ---- Toll-interacting protein Source.166: DFBPPR14190 ---- Marine protein ---- Zinc finger CCCH-type with G patch domain-containing protein Source.167: DFBPPR14322 ---- Marine protein ---- UPF0051 protein in atpA 3'region Source.168: DFBPPR14417 ---- Marine protein ---- Histidine--tRNA ligase, chloroplastic Source.169: DFBPPR14463 ---- Marine protein ---- Probable protein-export membrane protein secG Source.170: DFBPPR14564 ---- Marine protein ---- Piwi-like protein 2 Source.171: DFBPPR14668 ---- Marine protein ---- Toll-interacting protein A Source.172: DFBPPR14671 ---- Marine protein ---- Toll-interacting protein B Source.173: DFBPPR14786 ---- Marine protein ---- Hemocyanin A chain Source.174: DFBPPR14891 ---- Microorganism protein ---- DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A Source.175: DFBPPR14933 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 1 Source.176: DFBPPR14940 ---- Microorganism protein ---- CCR4-Not complex 3'-5'-exoribonuclease subunit Ccr4 Source.177: DFBPPR15017 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase TEL1 Source.178: DFBPPR15029 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Dol-P-Glc:Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase Source.179: DFBPPR15121 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase Source.180: DFBPPR15440 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial homologous recombination protein 1 Source.181: DFBPPR15476 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial inner membrane i-AAA protease complex subunit MGR1 Source.182: DFBPPR15555 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Spindle pole body component 110 Source.183: DFBPPR15571 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mating-type protein ALPHA2 Source.184: DFBPPR15734 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 40S ribosomal protein S29 Source.185: DFBPPR7884 ---- Plant protein ---- CASP-like protein 4A1 Source.186: DFBPPR8027 ---- Plant protein ---- Fe(3+)-Zn(2+) purple acid phosphatase Source.187: DFBPPR8304 ---- Plant protein ---- Protein TIC 214
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited low Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of > 500 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptide was synthesized by GenScript Corporation (Piscataway, NJ).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

This should be taken into account in the development of new food ingredients on the basis of peptides from β-lactoglobulin.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANOX0291, DFBPANOX0838
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0036

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Hernández-Ledesma B, Amigo L, Recio I, Bartolomé B. ACE-inhibitory and radical-scavenging activity of peptides derived from beta-lactoglobulin f(19-25). Interactions with ascorbic acid. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 2;55(9):3392-7. PMID: 17411066 DOI: 10.1021/jf063427j
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2007