Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0160(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0160
Peptide sequence	QIGLF
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antioxidative activity ^[D1], Antithrombotic activity ^[D2], α-Amylase inhibitory activity ^[D3], α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity ^[D4], Multifunctional activity ^[D5]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gln-Ile-Gly-Leu-Phe

Single-letter amino acid

QIGLF

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	576.69 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

75 uM

pIC₅₀

-1.875

GRAVY

1.4400^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

80%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Egg white protein
Precursor protein	Ovalbumin
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR2770 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.2: DFBPPR5768 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR6822 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.4: DFBPPR7122 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.5: DFBPPR9993 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ovalbumin Source.6: DFBPPR7821 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 75 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Hydrolysis with alkaline proteinase Alcalase.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	The result of simulated gastrointestinal digestion by pepsin and trypsin showed that QIGLF had a strong resistance to gastrointestinal proteases, providing a possibility for oral administration^[1].
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	QIGLF was added to Caco-2 cells followed by addition of H₂O₂, and exhibited significant cytoprotective effect in Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂^[1].
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The peptide QIGLF did not show anxiolytic activity^[2].

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANOX0620
[D2]	DFBPANTH0084
[D3]	DFBPALAM0019
[D4]	DFBPALGL0019
[D5]	DFBPMUFU0063

[D6]

[D7]

[D8]

[D9]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Yu Z, Liu B, Zhao W, Yin Y, Liu J, Chen F. Primary and secondary structure of novel ACE-inhibitory peptides from egg white protein. Food Chem. 2012 Jul 15;133(2):315-22. PMID: 25683401 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.032
Other literature(s)	[1] Ding L, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, et al. Transport of Egg White ACE-Inhibitory Peptide, Gln-Ile-Gly-Leu-Phe, in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cell Monolayers with Cytoprotective Effect.[J]. Journal of Agricultural (&) Food Chemistry, 2014, 62(14):3177-3182. [2] Yu Z, Zhao W, Ding L, et al. Anxiolytic effects of ACE inhibitory peptides on the behavior of rats in an elevated plus-maze[J]. Food (&) Function, 2015, 7(1):491-497.
PubDate	2012