Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0161(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0161
Peptide sequence	TNGIIR
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antioxidative activity ^[D1], Antithrombotic activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Thr-Asn-Gly-Ile-Ile-Arg

Single-letter amino acid

TNGIIR

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
673.4036 Da	672.77 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04 ^c

IC₅₀

70 uM

pIC₅₀

-1.845

GRAVY

-0.0167^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Egg white protein
Precursor protein	Ovalbumin
Residue position	f(154-159)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR9993 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ovalbumin
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 70 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Hydrolysis with alkaline proteinase Alcalase.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	TNGIIR has a high resistance to digestive enzymes but is very susceptible to brush border membrane peptidases on the surface of intestinal epithelium. TNGIIR can transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers in intact form with a P_app value of (4.92 ± 0.40) × 10^-6 cm/s. And the transport mechanism for TNGIIR may be paracellular pathway via TJs ^[1].
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

(1) The peptides TNGIIR, in a range of 5–50 mg kg−1, exerted an anxiolytic effect on the SHRs^[2].
(2) The egg white derived peptides TNGIIR could be considered as possible functional food or food ingredients due to their in vivo anti-stress and anti-anxiety effects on the SHRs ^[2].

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANOX0630
[D2]	DFBPANTH0094
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0064

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Yu Z, Liu B, Zhao W, Yin Y, Liu J, Chen F. Primary and secondary structure of novel ACE-inhibitory peptides from egg white protein. Food Chem. 2012 Jul 15;133(2):315-22. PMID: 25683401 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.032
Other literature(s)	[1] Long D, Wang L, Yu Z, et al. Digestion and absorption of an egg white ACE-inhibitory peptide in human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers[J]. International Journal of Food Sciences (&) Nutrition, 2016, 67(2):111-116. [2] Yu Z, Zhao W, Ding L, et al. Anxiolytic effects of ACE inhibitory peptides on the behavior of rats in an elevated plus-maze[J]. Food (&) Function, 2015, 7(1):491-497.
PubDate	2012