Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0162(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0162
Peptide sequence	AHLL
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ala-His-Leu-Leu

Single-letter amino acid

AHLL

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
452 Da	452.54 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

7.79 ^c

IC₅₀

40.3 uM

pIC₅₀

-1.605

GRAVY

1.5500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)
Precursor protein	Loach protein hydrolysates
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0957 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-glucosidase 26 Source.2: DFBPPR1069 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1 Source.3: DFBPPR1221 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable GTP diphosphokinase CRSH1, chloroplastic Source.4: DFBPPR1270 ---- Plant proteins ---- Brassinosteroid LRR receptor kinase BRL1 Source.5: DFBPPR1408 ---- Plant proteins ---- G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase LECRK3 Source.6: DFBPPR1553 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor LG2 Source.7: DFBPPR1592 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase 1, chloroplastic Source.8: DFBPPR1599 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase 2, chloroplastic Source.9: DFBPPR1761 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nuclear/nucleolar GTPase 2 Source.10: DFBPPR1789 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 22 Source.11: DFBPPR1958 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phospholipase D alpha 2 Source.12: DFBPPR2297 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase, chloroplastic Source.13: DFBPPR2643 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coronatine-insensitive protein homolog 1b Source.14: DFBPPR2687 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein AMEIOTIC 1 homolog Source.15: DFBPPR2803 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 5 Source.16: DFBPPR2840 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sialyltransferase-like protein 2 Source.17: DFBPPR2926 ---- Plant proteins ---- Signal peptide peptidase-like 1 Source.18: DFBPPR3100 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14E Source.19: DFBPPR3159 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peroxisomal membrane protein 11-3 Source.20: DFBPPR3291 ---- Plant proteins ---- Metal tolerance protein 1 Source.21: DFBPPR3457 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable phytol kinase 2, chloroplastic Source.22: DFBPPR3592 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable inorganic phosphate transporter 1-12 Source.23: DFBPPR4086 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 5 Source.24: DFBPPR4156 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP3-3 Source.25: DFBPPR4201 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyclin-D6-1 Source.26: DFBPPR4219 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP3-2 Source.27: DFBPPR4322 ---- Plant proteins ---- Microtubule-associated protein 70-3 Source.28: DFBPPR4353 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heptahelical transmembrane protein ADIPOR2 Source.29: DFBPPR4480 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 7 Source.30: DFBPPR4788 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative B3 domain-containing protein Os03g0621600 Source.31: DFBPPR4901 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like protein CR4 Source.32: DFBPPR4982 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aspartic proteinase GIP1 Source.33: DFBPPR5200 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta Source.34: DFBPPR5413 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative receptor protein kinase CRINKLY4 Source.35: DFBPPR5564 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acetolactate synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.36: DFBPPR5581 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase, chloroplastic Source.37: DFBPPR5591 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor LG2 Source.38: DFBPPR5625 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dof zinc finger protein MNB1A Source.39: DFBPPR6675 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase, chloroplastic Source.40: DFBPPR15952 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galectin-3 Source.41: DFBPPR15996 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.42: DFBPPR16093 ---- Animal proteins ---- Menin Source.43: DFBPPR16177 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2 Source.44: DFBPPR16274 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 37 Source.45: DFBPPR16681 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactory receptor-like protein OLF3 Source.46: DFBPPR16752 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger BED domain-containing protein 5 Source.47: DFBPPR16904 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hormone-sensitive lipase Source.48: DFBPPR16942 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme Source.49: DFBPPR16965 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adseverin Source.50: DFBPPR17095 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronidase-1 Source.51: DFBPPR17195 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6 Source.52: DFBPPR17228 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lanosterol synthase Source.53: DFBPPR17284 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.54: DFBPPR17300 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 Source.55: DFBPPR17321 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial Source.56: DFBPPR17516 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 21-hydroxylase Source.57: DFBPPR17879 ---- Animal proteins ---- Menin Source.58: DFBPPR17893 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Source.59: DFBPPR17936 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Tie-1 Source.60: DFBPPR17955 ---- Animal proteins ---- m7GpppX diphosphatase Source.61: DFBPPR18003 ---- Animal proteins ---- 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase Source.62: DFBPPR18042 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA desaturase Source.63: DFBPPR18105 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 Source.64: DFBPPR18288 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 37 Source.65: DFBPPR18323 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor E2F7 Source.66: DFBPPR18821 ---- Animal proteins ---- Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase Source.67: DFBPPR18842 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 7 Source.68: DFBPPR18902 ---- Animal proteins ---- Plasmanylethanolamine desaturase Source.69: DFBPPR19152 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF186 Source.70: DFBPPR19187 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3 Source.71: DFBPPR19349 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc transporter 3 Source.72: DFBPPR19421 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger-containing ubiquitin peptidase 1 Source.73: DFBPPR19523 ---- Animal proteins ---- Origin recognition complex subunit 1 Source.74: DFBPPR20017 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysoplasmalogenase Source.75: DFBPPR20089 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fascin-2 Source.76: DFBPPR20521 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase subunit 1 Source.77: DFBPPR20587 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating] Source.78: DFBPPR21006 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5A Source.79: DFBPPR21155 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-H Source.80: DFBPPR21447 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 39A Source.81: DFBPPR21461 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycerate kinase Source.82: DFBPPR21484 ---- Animal proteins ---- Armadillo repeat-containing protein 8 Source.83: DFBPPR21760 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleotide exchange factor SIL1 Source.84: DFBPPR21801 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cell cycle checkpoint control protein RAD9B Source.85: DFBPPR22092 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 36 Source.86: DFBPPR22637 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 61 Source.87: DFBPPR22643 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 157 Source.88: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.89: DFBPPR8576 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hormone-sensitive lipase Source.90: DFBPPR8661 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.91: DFBPPR8745 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronidase-1 Source.92: DFBPPR9011 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 Source.93: DFBPPR9187 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 37 Source.94: DFBPPR9276 ---- Animal proteins ---- Type I iodothyronine deiodinase Source.95: DFBPPR9548 ---- Animal proteins ---- Membrane progestin receptor alpha Source.96: DFBPPR9576 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysoplasmalogenase Source.97: DFBPPR9694 ---- Animal proteins ---- Membrane progestin receptor beta Source.98: DFBPPR9818 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calpain-7 Source.99: DFBPPR9952 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO3 Source.100: DFBPPR10078 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.101: DFBPPR10122 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock factor protein 3 Source.102: DFBPPR10174 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 Source.103: DFBPPR10177 ---- Animal proteins ---- Talin-1 Source.104: DFBPPR10189 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sonic hedgehog protein Source.105: DFBPPR10314 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Source.106: DFBPPR10661 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase U Source.107: DFBPPR10809 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 3A Source.108: DFBPPR10874 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme Source.109: DFBPPR10901 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 7 Source.110: DFBPPR11332 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing factor CWC22 homolog Source.111: DFBPPR11392 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 37 Source.112: DFBPPR11705 ---- Animal proteins ---- SCO-spondin Source.113: DFBPPR11727 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor Source.114: DFBPPR11934 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gametogenetin-binding protein 2 Source.115: DFBPPR12017 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein CKR1 Source.116: DFBPPR12130 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho GTPase-activating protein 19 Source.117: DFBPPR12145 ---- Animal proteins ---- p21-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1-like Source.118: DFBPPR12267 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Source.119: DFBPPR12275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 3 Source.120: DFBPPR12277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.121: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.122: DFBPPR12290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 2 Source.123: DFBPPR12298 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial Source.124: DFBPPR12378 ---- Animal proteins ---- GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein Source.125: DFBPPR12459 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 4A6 Source.126: DFBPPR12545 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galectin-3 Source.127: DFBPPR12546 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IA Source.128: DFBPPR13467 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA desaturase Source.129: DFBPPR13731 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA desaturase Source.130: DFBPPR14565 ---- Marine protein ---- Estrogen receptor beta Source.131: DFBPPR14783 ---- Marine protein ---- Enolase Source.132: DFBPPR15122 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Source.133: DFBPPR15221 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial Source.134: DFBPPR15434 ---- Microorganism protein ---- pH-response transcription factor pacC/RIM101 Source.135: DFBPPR15546 ---- Microorganism protein ---- DNA polymerase Source.136: DFBPPR15658 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein DSE1 Source.137: DFBPPR15715 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein RMD9, mitochondrial Source.138: DFBPPR15831 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Probable transcriptional regulator flp Source.139: DFBPPR7767 ---- Plant protein ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase 2, chloroplastic Source.140: DFBPPR7770 ---- Plant protein ---- Adenylosuccinate synthetase 1, chloroplastic
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 40.3 μM, and its ACE inhibitory pattern was shown by Lineweaver–Burk plots to be a competitive inhibition pattern.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Hydrolysis with Bromelain [ratio of enzyme to substrate, 3:1000 (w/w)].

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

An antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats revealed that oral administration of AHLL could decrease systolic blood pressure significantly, see

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Li Y, Zhou J, Huang K, Sun Y, Zeng X. Purification of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide with an antihypertensive effect from loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Feb 8;60(5):1320-5. PMID: 22224920 DOI: 10.1021/jf204118n
Other literature(s)	[1] Li Y, Zhou J, Zeng X, et al. A Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptide Ala-His-Leu-Leu Lowering Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.[J]. Journal of Medicinal Food, 2015, 19(2).
PubDate	2012